NaOH-treatment

Liden, K., Takahasi, C. and Nelson, D.E. 1995 The effects of lipids in stable carbon isotope analysis and the effects of NaOH treatment on the composition of extracted bone collagen. Journal ofArchaeological Science 22 321-326. 

The influence of the underlayer was demonstrated by Mirzamaani et al. [74] and by DiMilia et al. [75]. Electroless CoP was deposited from a solution yielding an intrinsically isotropic structure onto NiP that had undergone various pretreatments. When the NiP was exposed to a NaOH treatment before CoP deposition, good inplane magnetic properties resulted, but deposition on a chemically or electrochemically pre-reduced NiP surface gave unacceptable magnetics. These authors found... 

Water (drinking, surface, saline, domestic, and industrial waste) (EPA Method 335.1) Chlorination of sample at pH 11-12 and CICN driven off reflux-distillation of residual sample absorption of released HCN in NaOH treatment with chloramine-T and pyridine-pyrazolone or pyridine-barbituric acid Spectrophotometry (cyanide amenable to chlorination) No data No data EPA 1983a... 

Waste or leachate (EPA Method 901OA) Reflux-distillation of acidified sample absorption of released HCN in NaOH treatment with AgNOs and an indicator (titrimetric) or chloramine-T/pyridine-barbituric acid (colorimetric) Titrimetric or colorimetric detection (total and amenable cyanide) 0.1-0.2 mg/L titrimetric) 0.02 mg/L (colorimetric) (Titrimetric) 94-99 (total cyanide), 87-97 (amenable cyanide) EPA1992d... 

Pretreatment of Substrate. Several different lignocelluloses were pretreated with NaOH. This pretreatment partially solubilizes the hemicelluloses and lignin and swells the cellulose so that the organism can utilize it for its growth and for production of a cellulase system in SSF. The treated lignocelluloses were not washed. The NaOH treatment is done with a minimum amount of water so that, after the addition of nutrient solution and inoculum, the moisture content is less than 80% wt/wt and there is no free water in the medium. More water was added to make suspensions of different lignocellulosic substrates of the desired concentration (1% or 5%) for liquid-state (submerged) fermentation (LSF). 

A maximum FP cellulase of 6.3 lU/ml (191 lU/g cellulose or 126 lU/g substrate) was obtained on NaOH-treated CTMP after 20 days in SSF. On untreated CTMP, the FP cellulase remained about 5 lU/ml from 20 to 26 days of fermentation and then increased to 7.2 at 30 days of fermentation (Table III). This indicated that CTMP was a good substrate for cellulase production in SSF even without the mild NaOH treatment. 

Fig. 16.8 Electron micrographs of soil hema- fringes of ca. 1.4 nm, corresponding to thee tites. a) Irregular crystals from a laterite, Nigeria, edge length on the lower left side (courtesy J. after NaOH treatment to remove kaolinite (see Torrent) c) Grainy crystal from an Ultisol, South Torrent et at, 1994 with permission), b) same Brazil (KampfS. Schwertmann, 1983 with per-as a) crystals on a silicate flake. See lattice mission).

The sugar array could be regenerated with 2 mM NaOH treatment. 0.2 mM was too low to regenerate (not returned to the base lines), and 20 mM might cause hydrolysis of sugars in this experiment (became below zero). 

Opening of the dithiazole ring of the imidazolo[4,5-r7 [l,2,3]dithiazole 107 was employed as a key step in a multistep synthesis leading to hydroxamic acid derivatives 108 and 109 which are under investigation as matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Following initial reaction of 107 with NaOH treatment with 2-bromo-3-(4-chlorophenyl)propionic acid tert-butyl ester lead to the thioethers 108 from which 109 could be obtained (Scheme 10). <2000W0063197>. 

Following treatment of barley straw with 5% NaOH, Israel-sen, t al. (56) observed a decrease in NDF of 14.6 percentage units, while Braman and Abe (57) found the ADF fraction of wheat straw decreased by 5.7 units following NaOH treatment. Rexen (58) showed a substantial decrease in ADF of barley straw following NaOH treatment, but no effect of NaOH on rice straw. Itoh, et al. (59) observed significant decreases in NDF of ammoniated... 

The formation of the graft copolymers was proved by the analysis of the fractions I-IV obtained through extraction and l SO and NaOH treatment, according to the schematic diagram presented in Figure 2. The IR spectra of the insoluble fractions II and soluble fraction III present absorption bands (19,20) characteristic of those of the control rayon and of the polymers P-1 -P-4, as it can be seen in Table III and Figure 3, respectively. 

Two points should be mentioned. One is that the two controls without NaOH treatment in Figures 5 and 6 were prepared under different process conditions. Therefore, the release profiles for these two different controls should not be compared to each other. 

Once dehydrated, the microfibrils are practically without functionality in ordinary food processing and preparation operations, because the inert microcrystallites are difficult for water to penetrate. The polymorphs, cellulose I and II (Blackwell, 1982 Coffey el al., 1995), are differentiated by their molecular orientation, hydrogen-bonding patterns, and unit-cell structure. Cellulose I is the natural orientation cellulose II results from NaOH treatment under tension of cellulose I with 18-45% alkali (mercerization). The I—II transition is irreversible. Mercerization strengthens the fibers and improves their lustre and affinity for dyes (Sisson, 1943). Sewing thread was relatively pure mercerized cotton until the advent of synthetic polymer fibers. 

Table 3 shows the effect of progressive NaOH treatment on a PPY/chloride complex synthesized in the presence of FeCl3-6H20 in ethanol. The N7s and... 

Table 3. Effect of progressive NaOH treatments on a PPY complex synthesized from FeCl3 6H20 in ethanol as revealed by XPS...

Y. Fukuda, W. Zhou, K. Furuya, and H. Suzuki, Photoluminescence change of as-prepared and aged porous silicon with NaOH treatment, J. Electrochem. Soc. 146, 2697, 1999. 

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