Volatiles index

This term, often called the Fuel Volatility Index (FVI), is expressed by the... 

Tests on vehicles have shown that the volatility index as defined expresses satisfactorily the fuel contribution during hot operation of the engine (Le Breton, 1984). In France, specifications stipulate that its value be limited to 900, 1000 and 1150, respectively, according to the season (summer, spring/fall, winter). The automobile manufacturers, being even more demanding, require in their own specifications that the FVI not be exceeded by 850 in summer. 

Le Breton, M.D. (1984), Hot and cold fuel volatility Indexes of french cars. A cooperative study by the GFC volatility group . SAE paper No. 84-1386, International fuels and lubricants meeting, Baltimore, MD. 

This expression is known as the vapor lock index (VLI) or the front-end volatility index (EEVI). The value of n for U.S. cars is generally reported as 9 when RVP is in kPa (0.13 when pressure is in psi) (23). The maximum level of VLI is set by month and by region according to the ninetieth percentile daily maximum temperature. 

Smoke volatility index. The smoke volatility index shall be computed from the following equation ... 

Fuel oil specifications (6) were only discussed very briefly because oil end-users were not present. pH was suggested to be added in order to help in material choices. It was mentioned at the volatility index or boiling point range distribution would be valuable. However, it has been proved that the boiling point cannot be determined for pyrolysis oil because of the thermal instability of the oil (7, 4). More feedback from end-users is needed for assessing the maximum allowable variation for each property. 

Based on the Principal Component Analysis, the LIN index (leaching index) and the VIN index (volatility index) were defined in terms of the first and second PCs, respectively, explaining 92.7% of the total variance [Gramatica and Di Guardo, 2002]. PCs were calculated on a data set of 135 pesticides, described by vapour pressure (Vp), Henry s law constant (H), water solubility (Sw), and octanol/water (Kqw) and organic carbon (Kqc) partition coefficients. The LIN and VIN indices are defined as the following ... 

Kerosene can vary widely in its burning quality as measured by carbon deposition, smoke formation, and flame radiation. This is a function of hydrocarbon composition—paraffins have excellent burning properties, in contrast to those of the aromatics (particularly the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons). As a control measure the smoke point test (ASTM D-1322, IP 57) gives the maximum smokeless flame height in millimeters at which the fuel will burn in a wick-fed lamp under prescribed conditions. The combustion performance of wide-cut fuels correlates well with smoke point when a fuel volatility factor is included, because carbon formation tends to increase with boiling point. A minimum smoke volatility index (SVI) value is specified and is defined as ... 

In Fig. 23, spectra of two different grades of U.S. gasoline are shown, de Bakker and Fredericks [90] demonstrated that it was possible to perform a variety of petroleum property measurements, including research octane number (RON), motor octane number (MON), density, benzene content, and flexible volatile index (FVI), using fiber-optical FT-Raman spectroscopy coupled with partial least-squares analysis to reduce sample fluorescence. The potential for on-line measurement of these properties was mentioned by both Cooper et al. [89] and de Bakker and Fredericks [90], Cooper et al. [89,92,93] compared Raman spectroscopy to both mid-IR and near-IR for the measurement of several parameters in fuel mixtures including aromatic concentrations, octane number, and vapor pressures. Cooper et al. similarly utilized partial least squares to accomplish the data analysis. In this series of articles. Cooper et al. described their attempts to quantify mid-IR, near-... 

Volatile materials production is measured by the volatiles index, as shown in Eq. 5.11. In this test, a 10 g sample of polymer is placed in an aluminum foil thimble which is charged into a glass vial attached to a vacuum pump. First the vial is evacuated to below 2 mm Hg and then is placed in an oven at 380°C. Pressure is recorded at ten-minute intervals for one hour. The sample is cooled and its weight is measured. Pressure values prior to insertion in the oven and after forty minutes residence in the oven are used to calculate the volatiles index. 

Experiment No. Process Conditions Polymer Volatiles Index End Group Analysis by Infrared, per 10 ... 

The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point, smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometei number. Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel. 

Smoke Volatility Index is thought to be significant but it has not been completely investigated. The relationship between smoke point and Characterization Factor appears to be much the same (slightly lower smoke points) as that shown for kerosene in Table 4-21, but the variations are larger. Scant information on the weight of carbon deposits in one type of reactor indicates the following ... 

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