Viscose rayon fibre

C. R. Woodings and A. 1. Bartholomew, "The Manufacture, Piopeities and Uses of Inflated Viscose Rayon Fibres," 23rdMan-Made Fibres Congress, Dombim, Austria, 1984. 

A. G. Wilkes, "Galaxy-A New Viscose Rayon Fibre foi Nonwovens," Proceedings of the INDA-TEC 89 Conference, 1989. 

Error Analysis. The difficulties encountered in resolving peak profiles from each other, and at the same time determining the background scatter, call to question the extent of the error involved in this type of analysis, given that the final resolution appears realistic in the light of known information about the structure of the material. The problem of error in profile resolution has been considered (14) in terms of the equatorial trace of a viscose rayon fibre specimen which is similar to Fortisan, Figure 5 ... 

However, there are potential risks associated with using bamboo as a polymer source for rayon since there is currently a lack of transparency in the supply chain. It is not always clear which type of bamboo is used for fibre, where it is grown, how it is cultivated, how it is harvested, and so forth. To date, there is no known organic certification of bamboo. The process to make bamboo viscose rayon fibre is the same process that is used to produce viscose/rayon from any other plant source. The cellulose is extracted from the bamboo and then mixed with chemicals to convert the plant pulp into textile quality fibre. This process can be very polluting unless it is carefully controlled, and can be influenced by the age and condition of the equipment as well as by whether there is any by-product recycling or effluent treatment. Note that in most countries the fibre cannot be called bamboo, only rayon or viscose from bamboo (textileexchange.org). 

A viscose process additive is a surfactant that disperses hydrophobic particles in the viscose, for example, insoluble resins or other insoluble hydrophobic material. The dosage used is 0.5-3 kg/ton cellulose. A modifier is an additive, not always a surfactant, that decreases the regeneration speed. This leads to viscose/rayon fibres with higher wet strengths when modifiers are used at dosages of 5-30 kg/ton cellulose. 

Coagulation of xanthate is performed in 10% aqueous sulphuric acid. The xanthic acid derivative that is formed is not stable and is decomposed, and cellulose is regenerated. Viscose rayon fibres and cellophane films have been produced by this method. 

Clayton G, Viscose Rayon Fibres, Text Progress, 8(1), 9, 1976. 

Visfii and other similar viscose fibres are inherently flame-retardant silicic acid-containing viscose rayon fibres used as a blend component. VisiP is made by wet spinning of alkaline cellulose xanthate (viscose) containing a sodium silicate (equivalent to about 30-33% Si02) with some aluminosilicate component. During fire combustion, flame retards by both endothermic water release and char formation. 

WEL 8-hour TWA 10 ppm. Carbon disulphide is an inorganic solvent used mainly in the manufacture of viscose rayon fibres. It is absorbed through the Ixmgs and skin and is a multi-system poison affecting the brain, peripheral nerves and the heart. Monitoring is of urinary metabolites. 

C. R. Woodings, "The Development of Viscose Rayon foi Nonwoven Appheations," TAPPI Nonwovens Fibres Seminar 1979, pp. 15—28. 

Other uses of HCI are legion and range from the purification of fine silica for the ceramics industry, and the refining of oils, fats and waxes, to the manufacture of chloroprene mbbers, PVC plastics, industrial solvents and organic intermediates, the production of viscose rayon yam and staple fibre, and the wet processing of textiles (where hydrochloric acid is used as a sour to neutralize residual alkali and remove metallic and other impurities). 

Cellulose may be solubilised by treatment with sodium hydroxide and carbon disulfide. It can be regenerated by acidification of the solution. This is the basis of the production of regenerated cellulose fibre, so-called viscose rayon , which is a major textile fibre. The technique is also used for the production of continuous cellulose-derived film, so-called cellophane (from cellulose and diaphane , the latter being French for transparent). 

This term was originally intended to denote all kinds of man-made textile fibres, but is now applied only to cellulose types. Viscose rayon (regenerated from a solution of cellulose xanthate in sodium hydroxide) accounts for the greater part of world rayon production. Acetate rayon and cuprammonium rayon are relatively unimportant. 

In 1891, British chemistry Cross and Bevan discovered that wood pulp when treated with sodium hydroxide solution and carbon disulphide, gets converted into cellulose xanthate. When cellulose xanthate is dissolved in caustic soda solution it gives a viscous solution that could be spun to form fibres called Viscose Rayon. Rayon is produced in large scale today in many countries including India. Rayon (also know as viscose) is in fact regenerated cellulose. 

The effect of the Lorentz correction is illustrated in Figure 3. Here the equatorial trace of a viscose rayon specimen is shown uncorrected (LOR 0), corrected in the normal way for fibres (LOR 1), and for powders (LOR 2). Table I shows the results of profile analysis on the viscose rayon specimen using the different... 

Ca is a constant having the value of approximately 8 GPa for viscose-rayon yam. De Vries also investigated some other synthetic fibres his values for the constant Ca were found to be proportional to EjSO, so that the product CaS SO is a constant ... 

Injection of the viscous solution of cellulose xanthate into an acidic (H2SO4) bath regenerates the cellulose by the reverse of this reaction, as a film or a fibre depending on the process. The result is known as cellophane if it is a film or viscose rayon if it is a fibre. 

Viscose rayon is inherently a weak fibre, particularly when wet, therefore it is highly susceptible to damage if enzymatic hydrolysis is not controlled. The enzymatic hydrolysis of viscose fibres causes a decrease of the intrinsic viscosity from 250 to 140 ml/g and an increase in crystallinity from 29 to 39% after 44 h [34]. Strong changes of the structure, however, are not typical for the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic materials. Neither cotton nor wood pulp show an essential decrease of the DP during enzymatic hydrolysis [35-37]. The kinetics of the enzymatic hydrolysis of regenerated cellulose fibres before and after acid prehydrolysis changes the kinetics from a monophasic to a biphasic first order reaction [38]. 

Harry, I.D., Saha, B., and Cumming, I.W., Surface properties of electrochemically oxidised viscose rayon based carbon fibres. Carbon, 45, 766, 2007. 

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