Virus haemagglutination

Influenza virus. (Source Cann AJ. Influenza virus haemagglutination. http // wwwmicro.msb.le.ac.uk/LabWork/haem/haeml.htm [accessed May 2,2003]. Used with permission.)... 

The second approach to sequencing RNAs, via their cDNA transcripts, is exemplified by the sequence analysis of the influenza virus haemagglutin gene (Sleigh et al., 1979). In this method a double-stranded (dsDNA) copy of the RNA genome was inserted, after digestion with nuclease Si, into the double-stranded bacterial plasmid pBR322 which was subsequently used to transform a... 

Rosenberg, A., and E. Chargaff Inhibition of influenza virus haemagglutination by a brain lipid fraction. Nature (Lond.) 177, 234 (1956). 

Brunetti, P., Jourdian, G. W., and Roseman, S., 1%2, The sialic acids III. Distribution and properties of animal N-acetylneuraminic aldolase, J. Biol. Chem. 237 2447-2453. Burnet, F. M., 1948, Mucins and mucoids in relation to influenza virus action. III. Inhibition of virus haemagglutination by glandular mucins, Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 26 371-329. 

Alternatively when virions and red cells interact a network is formed and the suspension agglutinates, i.e. the red cells are precipitated. There is some specificity as to which viruses will agglutinate red cells from which animal, but once the combination is known haemagglutination forms a quick assay for virus titre. 

CS 6-O-sulfate Esterification using inorganic acids Polyampholite soluble in water Anticoagulant Haemagglutination inhibition activities Anti sclerotic Antiviral Antihuman immunodeficiency virus Antibacterial Antioxidant Enzyme inhibition activities... 

Glycoproteins isolated from the erythrocytes of rhesus monkeys inhibit haemagglutination by measles virus. 

Sialic acid has been attached, as an a-glycoside, to a spacer arm terminating in an acrylamide unit. Polymerization of this material with excess acrylamide gave a material which inhibited haemagglutination induced by influenza virus. ... 

D-Mannose, o-galactose, L-fucose, and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose have been identified as the constituent sugars of two envelope glycoproteins (mol. wts. 6.7 X 10 and 6.5 x 10 ) of Sendai virus. One of the glycoproteins, which has haemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities, contains two types of carbohydrate chains and the other, which is involved in haemolytic and cell fusion activities, contains a single type of carbohydrate chain. 

Both studies show that the duration of the illness can be reduced by 3 - 4 days with elderberry syrup compared with placebo. A possible mechanism of action of elderberry extract in the treatment of influenza is that the flavonoids stimulate the immune system by enhancing production of cytokines by monocytes [44], In addition, elderberry has been shown to inhibit the haemagglutination of the influenza virus and thus prevent the adhesion of the virus to the cell receptors [42]. 

Larin and Gallimore [86] have provided evidence to show that if viral protein is solubilized by surfactants this may result in loss or enhancement of specific viral antigenicity. Treatment of influenza virus with Triton X-100 significantly enhances the antigenicity of viral protein as judged by virus neutralization and haemagglutination inhibition tests similar treatment by Tween 80, NaDS and deoxycholate led to a partial or complete loss of immunogenicity. 

Suzuki, Y., Suzuki, T., Matsunaga, M., and Matsumoto, M., 1985, Gangliosides as paramyxovirus receptor. Structural requirement of sialo-oligosaccharides in receptors for haemagglutinating virus of Japan (Sendai virus) and Newcastle disease virus, J. Biochem. 97 1189-1199. 

Maeno, K., Yoshida, T., linusra, M., Nagai, Y., Matsumoto, T., and Osai, J., 1970, Isolation of haemagglutinin and neuraminidase subunits of haemagglutinating virus of Japan, J. Virol. 6 492 99. 

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