Haemagglutination

Pili are responsible for haemagglutination in bacteria and also for intercellular adhesiveness giving rise to clumping. At present, a clear role for these structures has not been formulated. 

In man, nickel may give occupational asthma due to nickel sulphate inhalation, both immediate [409, 410], late [411] and dual [412] types. Nickel-reactive antibodies have been identified in sera of immediate asthmatics by haemagglutination tests [413] and by radioimmunoassay [410,412], while they... 

Influenza virus. (Source Cann AJ. Influenza virus haemagglutination. http // wwwmicro.msb.le.ac.uk/LabWork/haem/haeml.htm [accessed May 2,2003]. Used with permission.)... 

Biological characterization of the nanoparticles was carried out by monitoring in vitro interactions with hepatocytes isolated from rat liver [12], Haemagglutination inhibition test of erythrocytes with ricine agglutinin (RCA120) was carried out [13]. The fluorescence of the hepatocytes incubated with the FlTC-labeled nanoparticles was determined by means of a FACS Star Becto-Dickinson instmment. 

Rl. Ramakumar, L., and Gupata, S. M., Haemagglutination. Reaction in Indian childhood cirrhosis indicating viral aetiology. Arch. Dis. Childhood 46, 390-392 (1972). 

Melo, V. M. M., Fonseca, A. M., Vasconcelos, I. M., and Carvalho, A. F. (1998). Purification of a novel antibacterial and haemagglutinating protein from the purple gland of the sea hare, Aplysia dactylomela Rang, 1828. Toxicon 38,1415-1427. 

Alternatively when virions and red cells interact a network is formed and the suspension agglutinates, i.e. the red cells are precipitated. There is some specificity as to which viruses will agglutinate red cells from which animal, but once the combination is known haemagglutination forms a quick assay for virus titre. 

In wells where positive agglutination has occurred the red cells have an irregular outline while in negatives and in the control, cells settle in a compact dot in the bottom of the well. The dilution in the last well showing a positive reaction is considered the titre and this dilution has 1 haemagglutinating (HA) unit. The next dilution has 2 HA units and so on. 

The second approach to sequencing RNAs, via their cDNA transcripts, is exemplified by the sequence analysis of the influenza virus haemagglutin gene (Sleigh et al., 1979). In this method a double-stranded (dsDNA) copy of the RNA genome was inserted, after digestion with nuclease Si, into the double-stranded bacterial plasmid pBR322 which was subsequently used to transform a... 

The most active metabolite was the novel cyclic undecapeptide, cyclosporin A (Figure 8). As an antibiotic, cyclosporin A exhibited only a very narrow spectrum of modest antifungal activity, but in 1972 its true potential was realised. Jean Borel and colleagues at Sandoz discovered that cyclosporin A also neutralised cytotoxic T-cell activity in vitro and prevented haemagglutination in mice immunised against sheep erythrocytes. Further studies revealed that cyclosporin A inhibits T-cell proliferation by blocking the synthesis of IL-2. ... 

B7. Boyden, S. V., The adsorption of proteins on erythrocytes treated with tannic acid and subsequent haemagglutination by antiprotein sera. J. Exp. Med. 93, 107-120 (1951). 

MCCASKILL, A.C., HOSKING, C.S. HILL, D.J. (1982) IgE and haemagglutinating antibody production in mice following intranasal immunization with ryegrass pollen. International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology, 67, 191-193. 

Haemagglutination, http //www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/ LabWork/haem/haem1. htm [accessed May 2, 2003]. 

Autoanalyser chemical ionization and electron impact m.s./ chromatography-colorimetry electron-capture g.c. fluorimetry g.l.c. " g.c.-chemical ionization m.s. g.c.-m.s. gravimetric, tit-rimetric analysis " haemagglutination inhibition " latex agglutination inhibition " liquid chromatography " mass fragmentography radioimmunoassay " spin-label immunoassayt.l.c. t.l.c.-g.l.c. T.l.c. ... 

CS 6-O-sulfate Esterification using inorganic acids Polyampholite soluble in water Anticoagulant Haemagglutination inhibition activities Anti sclerotic Antiviral Antihuman immunodeficiency virus Antibacterial Antioxidant Enzyme inhibition activities... 

Condensation between tetra-O-acetyl-a-D-galactopyranosyl bromide and a suitably protected 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-0 -D-galactopyranosyl-L-serine derivative gave access to compound (48) which is the JV-tosyl derivative of the carbohydrate core of mucins and was required for studies of haemagglutination. Evidence that the major glycoprotein of TA3-Ha tumour cells contains the same disaccharide was produced by the isolation, after alkaline degradation and sodium borohydride reduction, of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-On 3-D-galacto-... 

Glycoproteins isolated from the erythrocytes of rhesus monkeys inhibit haemagglutination by measles virus. 

Watson KC, Joubert SM (1960) Haemagglutination of antibiotic treated cells. Nature 188 505-506... 

Sialic acid has been attached, as an a-glycoside, to a spacer arm terminating in an acrylamide unit. Polymerization of this material with excess acrylamide gave a material which inhibited haemagglutination induced by influenza virus. ... 

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