Viral encephalitis vaccines

Viral vaccines less generally available than those listed in die table include Congo Crimean haemorrhagic fever vaccine, dengue fever vaccine, Japanese encephalitis B vaccine, smallpox vaccine, tick borne encephalitis vaccine, and Venezuelan encephalitis vaccine. 

Japanese encephalitis vaccine Inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus Active immunization against viral agents causing Japanese encephalitis... 

Killed (viral) vaccine Rabies, influenza, hepatitis B, encephalitis (Japanese), polio. 

This chapter describes the basic characteristics of viruses and the relatively limited number of drugs that can act selectively as antiviral agents. Methods of preventing viral infections (antiviral vaccines) are also briefly discussed. Finally, the current methods of treating a specific viral-induced disease—AIDS—are presented. Rehabilitation specialists often treat patients who are in the active stages of a viral infection, as well as those suffering from the sequelae of viral disorders, such as gastroenteritis, encephalitis, and influenza. Hence, the pharmacotherapeutic treatment and prophylaxis of viral infections should concern physical therapists and occupational therapists. 

Measles (rubeola) is a highly contagious viral illness that is characterized by rash and high fever. Complications of measles infections include severe diarrhea, otitis media, pneumonia, and encephalitis. Measles results in 1 to 2 deaths per 1000 cases, with the death rate being much higher in developing countries. With widespread vaccination, measles is on the verge of eradication in the Americas. ... 

Viral infections are yellow and dengue fevers, caused by flaviviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti, and Japanese encephalitis, also caused by a flavivirus, which is spread by Culex tritaeniorhynchus All these are controlled by vaccine administration. 

The occurrence of obesity was correlated with the neurovirulence of the virus strain (Bernard et al, 1999). Prior vaccination with a vaccinia recombinant coding for CDV surface antigens partially protected against acute encephalitis and obesity (Sixt et al., 1998 Wild et al., 1993). Neuroadapted CDV strain inoculation by other routes (intranasal, footpad, and subcutaneous) does not produce obesity, suggesting that viral replication in the brain is a prerequisite for development of obesity, as suggested by Bernard et al. (1999). 

Observational studies Yellow fever vaccine can very rarely cause severe adverse reactions, particularly neurotropic and visceral complications. Viral and host factors have been postulated to explain the basis of these reactions. However, the mechanisms underlying their occurrence remain unknown. A detailed immunological analysis of a 23-year-old woman has been published. She developed encephalitis, pancreatitis, and myositis after receiving a 17D-204 yellow fever vaccine and had various immunological abnormalities, which are described in detail in this chapter. The authors considered that the results supported the hypothesis that a strong adaptive response and abnormalities in the innate immune system may be involved in the establishment of severe adverse reactions after yellow fever vaccination [32 ]. 

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