Vinyl Acetate-Methylacrylate

Vinyl alcohol/acrylic acid copolymers. Vinyl alcohol/sodium acrylate copolymers were obtained by hydrolysis of vinyl acetate/ methylacrylate copolymers with alkaline solution. The vinyl alcohol/sodium acrylate copolymers obtained are insoluble in water, although they are not crosslinked with crosslinking monomer. This is because of crystal structure of vinyl alcohol moieties in the copolymers. Therefore, the vinyl alcohol/sodium acrylate copolymers have higher mechanical strength than crosslinked poly(sodium acrylates) in water. 

Dehazers are used to diminish haze in organic liquids. Here siloxanes functionalized in a,co position with polyethers (Fig. 6) can be mixed with copolymers of ethylene and unsaturated esters such as vinyl acetate, methylacrylate, etc. [57]. Because free acid groups tend to promote haze if moisture is present, completely esterified groups are preferred. 

The simplest monomer, ethylenesulfonic acid, is made by elimination from sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate and polyphosphoric acid. Ethylenesulfonic acid is readily polymerized alone or can be incorporated as a copolymer using such monomers as acrylamide, aHyl acrylamide, sodium acrylate, acrylonitrile, methylacrylic acid, and vinyl acetate (222). Styrene and isobutene fail to copolymerize with ethylene sulfonic acid. 

In 1838 Regnault [15] reported that vinylidene chloride could be polymerized. In 1839 Simon [16] and then Blyth and Hofmann (1845) [17] reported the preparation of polystyrene. These were followed by the polymerization of vinyl chloride (1872) [18], isoprene (1879) [19], methacrylic acid (1880) [20], methylacrylate (1880) [21], butadiene (1911) [22], vinyl acetate (1917) [23], vinyl chloroacetate [23], and ethylene (1933) [24]. Klatte and Rollett [23] reported that benzoyl peroxide is a catalyst for the polymerization of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloroacetate. 

These macromonomers were successfully copolymerized with methyl methylacrylate and vinyl acetate ... 

Breltenbach et al. (12) established that in the case of vinyl acetate emulsion polymerization the dls-pertion rnedlim of the resultant latex contains the amoimt of emulsifier exceeding by a factor of two the critical micelle concentration (CMC), i.e. the reaction system is not depleted of the emulsifier. We obtained similar results in the case of methylacrylate polymerizing with alkyl- and al larylsulphonates. 

Polymer poly(2-vinyl-naphthalene-co-methylacrylate) poly(2-vinyl-naphihalene-att -methyl maleate) poly(N-vinyl-pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate)... 

USP 23/NF 18 Crotonic acid vinyl acetate copolymers Methacryhc acid-methylacrylate-methyhnethacrylate Copolymer... 

Since the Arimoto/Haven report of vinylferrocene polymerization was not detailed, this monomer was made and both its homopolymerization and its copolymerization were studied with a variety of organic comonomers such as styrene, methylacrylate, maleic anhydride, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, N-vinylpyrolidone, vinyl acetate, and so on.31-38 The polymers were as well characterized as possible, and copolymer compositions were obtained versus feed mole ratios. 

MBS with controlled size of the elastomeric particles transparent Copolymer of vinylchloride, alkyl acrylate, and vinyhdene chloride Butadiene-styrene-methylacrylate-ethylacrylate Core-shell crosslinked ABS with grafted onto it PMMA shell PB-grafted with MM A, styrene and vinyl acetate Poly(butadiene-co-butyl acrylate-co-styrene)... 

Ethylene-carbon monoxide-vinyl chloride copolymer Alcryn blends PO and ethylene-methylacrylate compatibilizmg ionomer PA-6, PA-1212 or PARA, and poly(ethylene-co-alkyl (meth)acrylate-co-vinyl acetate-co-CO-co-maleic anhydride)... 

Different types of chemical initiators such as FAS-KPS, benzoyl peroxide, azo-bis-iso-butylnitrile, H O, ascorbic acid-KPS, ammonium persulphate, ceric ammonium persulphate, ceric ammonium nitrate, etc., can be used for the graft copolymerization of various vinyl monomers such as methylacrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, acrylamide, etc., onto polysaccharides [38-40]. Figure 2.1 shows the proposed mechanism through which the grafting can be explained [39]. 

Compared with polar ethylene copolymers such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene methylacrylate (EMA), and ethylene ethylacrylate (EEA) copolymers, plastomers are significantly more compatible with PP. Compared with EVA, plastomers have exceptional thermal stability. Densities are significantly lower than polar ethylene copolymers. 

Phosphine complexes of nickel are used as catalysts in the hydrosilylation of olefins with functional groups, such as vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, and methylacrylate, as well as in the hydrosilylation of acetylene derivatives. 

Saha and co-workers [70] and Palit [66, 67] developed a dye-partition method for the determination of halogen atoms in copolymers of styrene, methylmethacrylate, methylacrylate, or vinyl acetate with a chlorine-bearing monomer such as allyl chloride and tetrachloroethylene. Copolymers were quaternised with pyridine, then precipitated with petroleum ether or alcohol, and fnrther purified by repeated precipitation from their benzene solutions with a mixture of alcohol and petroleum ether as the non-solvent. The precipitated polymers were then washed with petroleum ether and dried in air. The test for quaternary halide groups in polymers was carried out with a reagent consisting of disulfine blue dissolved in 0.01 M hydrochloric acid and the colour evaluated spectrophotometrically at 630 nm. Saha and co-workers [70] and Palit [66, 67] found that there may be some imcertainty in the quantitative aspects of this method. 

An all-trons structure was assigned to poly(endo,endo-N,N-(norborn-5-ene-2,3-dicarbimido)-L-valine ethyl ester) (Scheme 8.11). Finally, Wagener et al. published details of the formal synthesis of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol), poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), poly (ethylene-co-methylacrylate) and poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) copolymers, obtained via the ROMP of cyclooctene with hydroxy-, acetoxy-, methoxy-carbonyl and carboxylate-functionahzed cyclooctenes, followed by hydrogenation... 

---