Vinclozolin, fungicide

Buckley, 1., Willingham, E., Agras, K., and Baskin, L. (2006). Embryonic exposure to the fungicide vinclozolin causes virUization of females and alteration of progesterone receptor expression in vivo an experimental study in mice. Environmental Health A Global Access Science Source 5,4. 

Gray, L.E., Ostby, J.S., and Kelce, W.R. (1994). Developmental effects of an environmental antiandrogen—the fungicide vinclozolin alters sex differentiation of the male rat. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 129,46-52. 

The degradation of Iprodione and Vinclozolin similarly becomes more rapid as a result of prior additions of these fungicides to soil. 

While the fungicides Folpet , Captan , and Captafol are forbidden in German vineyards, against B. cinerea, vinclozolin (Ronilan) 99, iprodione (Rovral) 100, and procymidone (Sumisclex) 101 are considered safe to use (89MI220) triadimefon (Bayleton) 102 is used against Oidium. 

Vinclozolin is a fungicide used mainly on vines, fruits, and vegetables. 

Sztejnberg, A., and Jones, A.L. 1978. Tolerance of the brown rot fungus Monilinia fructicola to iprodione, vinclozolin and procymidone fungicides. (Abstr.) Phytopathol. News 12 187. 

The third group of new fungicides to be tested on grapes in the US is the dicarboximide group. Vinclozolin (Ronilan) and iprodione (Rov-ral) are the members of this group that have been extensively tested for control of Botrytis bunch rot. 

Gray LE Jr, Ostby J, Monosson E, Kelce WR (1999) Environmental antiandrogens low doses of the fungicide vinclozolin alter sexual differentiation of the male rat. Toxicol Environ Health, 15(1-2) 48-64. 

This group of fungicides consists of vinclozolin, iprodione, and procymi-don. Only procymidone acts systemically however, vinclozolin and iprodione both exhibit protective and curative activities. 

Finally, in section, it is noted that the hydroxyamide (4.24) cyclizes on addition of phosgene to give the fungicide 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione, "Vinclozolin", (4.25) [1841a] ... 

Fathead minnows exposed to 200 and 700 /xg/1 of the antiandrogenic fungicide for 21 days, vinclozolin, converted the parent compound into three unidentified metabolites in vivo55. Metabolite Ml was observed in all but one fish primarily in animals exposed to the highest concentrations. M2 and M3 were also consistently observed in fish of the highest concentration. Gender-related differences were not observed in the biotransformation to the three metabolites of vinclozolin55. 

Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME). Coupled with GC/ MS, SPME was proposed for analysis of the insecticides lindane, para-thion, carbaryl, malathion, endosulfan, methoxychlor, and methida-thion, procymidone, vinclozoline, folpet, and captan (fungicides), and the herbicides terbuthylazine, trifluralin, and phosalone in wine (Vitali... 

Figure 9.5. The El fragmentation spectra of dicarboximide fungicides vinclozolin, iprodione, procymidone, and of (3,5-dichlorophenyl)hydantoin (the iprodione degradation product) recorded by stir bar sorptive extraction and thermal desorption-GC/ MS analysis (SBSE-TD-GC/MS). (Reprinted from Journal of Chromatography A, 928, Sandra et al., Stir bar sorptive extraction applied to the determination of dicarboximide fungicides in wine. p. 121, Copyright 2001, with permission from Elsevier.)...

---