Vidal Black

Vidal and other sulphur blacks have been used for dyeing fast shades on pure silk by the method patented by Lodge and Evans. The process is based on the fact that Vidal Black can be converted into its leuco compound, which is soluble in ammonium sulphide, by the action of sulphites or bisulphites. In practice the leuco compound is prepared and dissolved in sodium sulphide, which is then converted into ammonium sulphide by the addition of ammonium sulphate. 

A dye liquor made up in this way has such a low alkalinity that there is no risk of damage to the fibre. As an example, one part of Vidal Black would be boiled for 5 to 10 minutes with 2 parts of sodium sulphite and 10 parts of water. One part of sodium sulphide is then added and the mixture kept hot, but below the boil, until the dye has dissolved completely. The whole is then strained into the dyebath and 2 parts of ammonium sulphate are added. The cotton component in unions with either silk or wool can be d3red at 40 to 50°C (10-4° to 122°F), but to dye the protein fibre also the liquor should be heated to 80°C (176°F). 

Victoria Blue RB, 593 Vidal Black, 463, 470 Violet Imperial, 6 Viscolan Black B 381... 

Donnet, J. B., Vidal A. Carbon Black-Surface Properties and Interactions with Elastomers. Vol. 76, pp. 103-128. 

Dole, M. Calorimetric Studies of States and Transitions in Solid High Polymers. Vol. 2, pp. 221-274. Donnet, J. B., Vidal, A. Carbon Black-Surface Properties and Interactions with Elastomers. Vol. 76, pp. 103-128. 

The first commercial sulphur dye was discovered accidentally in 1873 by Croissant and BretonniSre who heated lignin-containing organic waste, such as sawdust, with sodium polysulphide at about 300 °C the product was sold under the name Cachou de Laval [52]. Even today an equivalent dye (Cl Sulphur Brown 1) is derived from lignin sulphonate, which is readily available from waste liquors from wood pulp manufacture. The real pioneer of sulphur dyes was Vidal, the first chemist to obtain dyes of this type from specific organic compounds. In particular, Sulphur Black T (Cl Sulphur Black 1) was made from 2,4-dinitrophenol in 1899. At the turn of the century many of the intermediates available were subjected to sulphurisation (thionation), that is, treatment with sulphur, sodium sulphide or sodium polysulphide to introduce sulphur linkages. 

Figure 7.20. Bound SBR vs. carbon black (Nl 10) loading. [Adapted, by permission, from Datta N K, Choudhury N R, Haidar B, Vidal A, Donnet J B, Delmotte L, Chezeau J M, Polymer, 35, No.20, 1994, 4293-9.]...

Figure 14.22. Disperse component of carbon black vs. temperature of thermal treatment under nitrogen. [Adapted, by pennission. from Donnet J B, Wang W, Vidal A, Wang M J, Kaut. u. Gummi Kunst., 46, No. 11, Nov.1993. 866-71.]...

Dick J.S. 2001. Rubber Technology Compounding and Testing for Performance. Hanser Gardner. Donnet J.B. and A. Vidal. 1986. Carbon Black. Advances in Polymer Science. Springer. Donnet, J.B., T.K. Wang, and J.C.M. Peng. 1998. Carbon Fibers. 3rd ed. Marcel Dekker. Erman B. and J.E. Mark. 1997. Structures and Properties of Rubber-Like Networks. Oxford University Press. 

Vero y Vidal, the oldest and largest manufacturer (1882), for example, hired a chemist from AGFA, who would later be responsible for the only high quality (black) dye produced in Spain, according to a German report (BAL 084-030). Vero y Vidal (later Sagnier) was the major promoter of the FNCE. I have not been able to find out its origins. 

Donnet, J.-B., Fairer, E., Vidal, A., 1975. Grafting of macromolecules onto carbon blacks. In Walker Jr., P.L., Thrower, P.A. (Eds.), Chemistry and Physics of Carbon. Marcel Dekker, New York. 

J.-B. Donnet, E. Papirer, and A. Vidal, Grafting of Macromolecules onto Carbon Blacks, Chem. and Physics of Carbon, P. L. Walker, Jr. and P. A. Thrower (Eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 1975. 

Dutta, N. K., Choudhury, N. R., Haidar, B., Vidal, A., Dormet, J. B., Delmotte, L., and Chezeau, J. M. 1994. High resolution solid-state NMR investigation of the filler-rubber interaction 1. High speed iH magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy in carbon black filled styrene-butadiene... 

Grafting of Macromolecules onto Carbon Blacks, J. B. Donnet, E. Papirer, and A. Vidal... 

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