Vicuna

Vegetable (based on cellulose) cotton (qv), linen, hemp, jute, ramie Animal (based on proteias) wool (qv), mohair, vicuna, other animal hairs, silk Mineral asbestos (qv)... 

Urzua U, PJ Kersten, R Vicuna (1998) Manganese peroxidase-dependent oxidation of glycolic and oxalic acids synthesized by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora produces extracellular hydrogen peroxide. Appl Environ Microbiol 64 68-73. 

Garcia-Vicuna R, Gomez-Gaviro MV, Dominguez-Luis MJ, et al. CC and CXC chemokine receptors mediate migration, proliferation, and matrix... 

Since time immemorial, animal breeders have had to cross-foster motherless lambs or calves, or had to attach newborn mammals to a mother of a different species. They have been aware of odor barriers and developed methods to overcome them. A ewe will accept a non-related lamb if it has been rubbed with the hide or amniotic fluid of her own, perhaps stillborn, lamb. A classical case of successful cross-fostering between species is a technique employed by Peruvian livestock breeders to produce hybrids between alpacas and vicunas. The cross is called paco-vicuM and combines the large quantity of wool of the alpaca with the fine quality of vicufia hair. To breed an alpaca female with a vicufia male, first a male has to be imprinted on alpacas. A newborn male vicuna is covered with the hide of a newborn alpaca and presented to a lactating female alpaca without young. The young vicuna is accepted and nursed on account of his alpaca odor. Successfully raised by his alpaca mother, he will imprint on, and breed with, alpacas when adult. 

Franklin, W. L. (1983). Contrasting socioecologies of South America s wild camelids the vicuna and the guanaco. American Society ofMammologists, Special Publication 7, 573-631. 

L. Chayet, C. Rojas, E. Cardemil, A. M. Jabalquinto, R. Vicuna, and O. Cori, Arch. Biochem. 

Camelidae (vicuna) wool Cylindrical, scales not very evident, longitudinal striations with fine granulations of pigment Thin, often interrupted 18-20... 

Under the microscope these wools appear very similar the epidermal scales are not readily visible, but the fibrous layer is easily seen in the form of a fine striation on which is deposited a finely granular pigment. Some of the hairs, even the slender ones, exhibit a medulla, which is always very narrow and often interrupted. The finest of these wools is that of the vicuna (Fig. 89, Plate IX), which has a mean diameter of about 20 p. 

Vicuna, R. 1988. Bacterial degradation of lignin. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 10 646-655. 

Llamas, alpacas, guanaco, and vicuna are camellids, South American relatives of modem camels. There are two hybrids also. The huarizo comes from... 

Vicunas are smaller than llamas, and adults weigh only about 100 pounds. Hairs from this animal are the finest or thinnest known, about 1/2000 inches in diameter. Like other camel relatives, the vicuna has a layered coat. The innermost hairs are extremely soft, elastic, and have a strongly cohesive outer surface. This last property makes these fibers resistant to dyes, stains, and water. As these animals are small, and their hair so fine, it takes fleece from about forty vicuna to make one coat. 

Alpaca0 CameFs hair Cashmere wool Llama Mohair Vicuna... 

Bactrian camel Cashmere goat Llama Angora goat Llama vicuna Sheep... 

Guanaco, vicuna, llama, and alpaca are four species of the camel family found in South America. 

Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Vicuna Mackenna, Santiago, Chile... 

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