Vibration dose value

A second function, used for exposure to whole-body vibration, is the vibration dose value, VDV, for which F aJ,t)) = ajf) and m = r = 4. The function is thus ... 

In accordance with the type of crop protection procedure, the stages of the work had different cycle times. For herbicide application, the complete task was done in approximately 18 minutes, while, in the fertilizer application was finished in only 5 minutes. Samples collection allowed us to identify the Vibration Dose Value in RMS (RMS VDV), maximum peak level (Peak), and value of daily exposure (8-hour reference period) to WBV (A(8)). EMB-201A aircraft applying herbicide, (sample = 01 36 41, n = 5792), showed RMS VDV = 8,053 m/s and Peak = 141,490 m/s. Also applying herbicide, EMB-202 aircraft (sample = 01 31 40, n = 5493), showed RMS VDV = 11,098 m/s and Peak=96,774 m/s. Finally, EMB-202 aircraft applying fertilizer (sample = 01 17 11, n = 4624) showed RMS VDV = 9,470 m/s and Peak = 120,277 m/s. Figure 1 show data points corresponding to the combined axis (X, Y and Z) Vibration Total Value (RMS VTV) for these three situations respectively. 

The IR spectrum that results from dosing CF4 onto the SWNTs was measured before and after the ozone opening treatment/vacuum heating cycle. There is a vibrational frequency in the spectrum of CF4 that experiences diiferent relative shifts with respect to the values that it has in the gas phase when the CF4 molecules are adsorbed on the outside, or on the inside of the nanotubes. The shifted value of the frequency corresponding to adsorption on the interior of the nanotubes is only present on the etched nanotubes that corresponding to adsorption on the outer surface is present on both etched and nonetched tubes. (The traces corresponding to the unetched and etched spectra as a function of increased CF4 exposure are presented in Fig. 16.3.) Additionally, the intensity... 

The work of Clyne and McDermid, on the predissociation in IF(B), and the recent observation of the emission spectrum (A—X) of the A state of IF by Birks, Gabelnick, and Johnston now define the ground-state dissociation enragy of IF quite well. The A state correlates with ground-state atoms directly, and the B state correlates diabatically with I + F atoms. The new value (from predissociation in the B state), which is a dose uppo limit for Do (IF), is (22 700 15) cm. This value is to be preferred to the alternative values of 23 103 cm or 24 927 cm based on rather long raitrrqxrlations of the A state vibrational intervals. ... 

In many papers, the stability of dense colloidal suspensions is evaluated via the yield stress r o the absence of a measurable yield stress is then interpreted as the absence of significant aggregation. Such an approach is mainly used in parameter studies, when the pH value, the salt concentration, or the dose of some additive is varied (e.g. Franks et al. 1999 Breyer and Sonnefeld 2004). Last but not least, there are various applications in which the onset of gelation has to be accurately detected (e.g. during cheese making). This can be monitored by commercial probes that use torsional or transversal low-frequency vibrations (O Callaghan et al. 2000 Williams et al. 2001). 

ABSTRACT The Whole Body Vibration (WBV) can cause losses for both health and safety. Between agricultural pilots, the WBV exposure can promote the occurrence of low back pain and other degenerative spine s diseases. Furthermore, WBV can cause visual problems, neuromuscular interferences and other problems related to performance and thereafter to safety. Based on these work-related problems, the aim of this study is to determine the projected dose, in different aircrafts (the most used in Brazil) and different procedures of crop protection. The results showed that WBV levels are above the exposure limit values, compared to the Directive 2002/44/EC. 

It is world-wide accepted that discomfort, reduced work efficiency and health impairments are problems found among professionals repeatedly exposed to Whole-Body Vibrations (WBV) (Melo Miguel, 2000 Bernardo, et al., 2014). The risk depends on its intensity and duration. Several standards define procedures for measurement and evaluation of Whole-Body Vibration (WBV), providing limit values and action levels . However, there are no studies demonstrating what is the dose of WBV that can cause any specific disorder related to the magnitude, frequency, direction and duration of vibration exposure (Griffin, 2004). 

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