Very high temperature reactor industrial application

Furthermore, industrial prospects for high temperature electrochemical or thermochemical processes and the temperature involved, together with non-hydrogen related applications of process heat, will impact the development strategy of high or very high temperature reactors. 

The increasing interest in inorganic membranes for gas applications is undoubtedly due to their excellent high temperature resistance. Inorganic membrane reactors (including carbon membranes) may thus have a very nice potential for industrial applications. The various configurations of membrane reactors will however not be discussed in the current chapter. Their separation properties may be understood on the basis of the materials used, kinetics, and process conditions. 

Many applications of novolacs are found in the electronics industry. Examples include microchip module packaging, circuit board adhesives, and photoresists for microchip etching. These applications are very sensitive to trace metal contamination. Therefore the applicable novolacs have stringent metal-content specifications, often in the low ppb range. Low level restrictions may also be applied to free phenol, acid, moisture, and other monomers. There is often a strong interaction between the monomers and catalysts chosen and attainment of low metals levels. These requirements, in combination with the high temperature requirements mentioned above, often dictate special materials be used for reactor vessel construction. Whereas many resoles can be processed in mild steel reactors, novolacs require special alloys (e.g. Inconel ), titanium, or glass for contact surfaces. These materials are very expensive and most have associated maintenance problems as well. 

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