Distortion profile

Visualizing a Set of Pure Distortion Profiles. After Fourier back-transformation, we retrieve a set of reduced profiles that are only determined by lattice-distortion... 

Figure 1.1 Prandtl s [510] qualitative idea of the air flow in vegetative canopies 1 - logarithmic portion of the wind profile 2 - distorted profile portion.

The static stability of the air stream usually changes as it moves into and out of the urban area, typically becoming less and more stable, respectively. However it should not be assumed that the boundary layer profiles over the urban area and downwind are identical to the equilibrium states found in neutral, stable and unstable boundary layers over flat terrain. In fact as the flow adjusts characteristic distortions of the air flow profiles occur on these scales, such as blocked flow, unsteady slope flows, gravity currents and boundary layer jets especially near hills, coasts and urban/rural boundaries. These distorted profiles (which are ignored in most mesoscale atmospheric models) significantly affect dispersion (e.g. Hogstrom and Smedman, [274] Owinoh et al., [477]). 

To be able to understand the effect of a shaped pulse, it would be useful to represent the excitation profile of a shaped pulse as a spectrum. This may be easily achieved in NMR-SIM by using a variable spin system. Since the application of a selective pulse creates a mixture of x- and y-transverse magnetization components over its excitation range, a phase distorted profile would be generated Check it 5.2.2.1(a)). Thus, a specific... 

We first compare the results yielded by different Hamiltonians. The distortion profile of Nb along the FE [001] direction in KNb03, calculated with all ten Hamiltonians under investigation, is shown in Fig. 9. In each case, we... 

Sample Distribndon All HPLC columns are terminated by filter assemblies, which often have incorporated some means to ensure that the sample is distributed uniformly over the cross section of the column. The proper functioning of these devices can be impaired by blockage. If this is the case, the sample band at the column top is distorted, which can result in a reduced column performance. The phenomenon is indistinguishable from a collapsed bed all peaks exhibit a similarly distorted profile independent of the retention (Fig. 17.6). Open the column and inspect the filter and the packed bed. If the packed bed appears intact, it is worthwhile to try to clean the filter assembly or replace it with a new one. But the appearance of an undisturbed bed does not guarantee that the column has not collapsed. Often, a bed collapse has occurred somewhere in the middle of the packed bed and is not visible at the ends. 

A decomposition of the sample due to interaction with the stationary phase does not result in distinct sharp peaks, but rather broad and distorted profiles. However, the decomposition of an analyte on the surface of the column frit can result in the occurrence of a sharp additional peak in the chromatogram, but this condition is fairly rare. If this is truly the problem, it can be remedied by using non-metallic frits at the column inlet. 

In this chapter, we will be describing different electro-optic techniques that have been developed specifically for measurement of the flexocoeffi-cients. In these techniques, an electric field is applied to a nematic liquid crystal in a cell with well-defined boundary treatments. The net torque on the medium, which involves dielectric, elastic and flexoelectric components, is set to zero both in the bulk and at the two surfaces in order to And the equilibrium director configuration if a DC field is applied. In AC techniques, the above torques are balanced with the viscous torque. The optical properties of the medium are in turn calculated for the distorted profiles and compared with experimental measurements. The flexoelectric, and in some... 

Fig. 9.7 Geometry of the twist effect that may be used for observation of director relaxation and determination of viscosity coefficient yi. Dash line shows the distortion profile In the magnetic field H,...

Fig. 11.28 Comparison of the distortion profile (molecular picture below and angle 3(z) above) for the Frederiks transition with infinite anchoring energies (a) and flexoelectric effect with finite anchoring energies (b) (homeotropic initial director alignment in both cases)...

A corrected diffraction profile can be expressed by the convolution of the crystallite-size profile I, and the lattice-distortion profile I<, (I = 1 1 ). The Fourier transformation (FT) method gives the most reliable value for the number-average crystallite size (D ) and the mean-squares lattice distortion (tf) over the distance oft. 

Figure 12.16 Concentration dependencies of the diffusion coefficient. Here curve 1 illustrates the initial concentration profile used in calculations curves 2-7 show the profiles calculated by solving the inverse problem with the initial profile distorted with amplitudes of 0, 0.1, 1, 3, 5, and 10%, respectively (a) the concentration profiles calculated for the initial profiles with perturbations <5 = 1 (b), 5 (c), and 10% (d) (curve 1 shows the initial profile, curve 2 shows the distorted profile, and curve 3 shows the profile calculated on the basis of the obtained dependencies b c)).

Information on the velocity flows, configuration, scale, velocity distribution and the suitable distortion profiles of the director field of the layer under the action of an ultrasonic field for the qualitatively different situations presented above can be found in the literature [44, 45]. 

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