Vertical hoppers

Vertical hoppers with a rotating disc are also available commercially (Sterner, Norway). However, the self-compaction ( caking effect ) of the microparticles in the hopper, coupled with great difficulty in cleaning the equipment, hmits its value. 

B = outlet diameter or width, g = acceleration owing to gravity, m = 1 for circular opening and 0 for slotted opening, and 0 = hopper angle (measured from vertical) in degrees. A modification of this equation takes particle size into account. This modification is only important if the particle size is a significant fraction of the outlet size (8). 

Vertical filters are not convenient for the removal of dry cake, although they can be used in this service if they have a bottom that can be retracted to permit the cake to fall into a bin or hopper below. They are adapted rather to wet-sohds discharge, a process that may be assisted by leaf vibration, air or steam sparging of a filter full of water, sluicing h om fixed, oscillating, or traveling nozzles, and blowback. 

In what follows, a storage vessel is considered as consisting of a bin and a hopper. A bin is the upper section of the vessel and has vertical sides. The hopper, which has at least one sloping side, is the section between the bin and the outlet of the vessel. 

Since the packaging units will only operate about 35 horns a week, the system must be able to handle at least 0.60 (168 hr/35 hr) x 18,050 = 52,000 lb/hr. Assume it must handle 70,000 lb/hr. This rate will also allow the bulk shipment hoppers to be filled in 3 hr, which seems reasonable. The largest pressure drop will occur in transferring material to the railroad storage hoppers. The horizontal length will be a maximum of 500 ft and the vertical distance 100 ft. A pressure system will be used. The results of the calculations for blowers B-605 and B-606 are LHP = 45 BHP = 125 and the power = 26.4 kw. 

The Alpine pin disc mill shown in Figure 2.11 is a form of pin mill and consists of two vertical steel plates with horizontal projections on their near faces. One disc may be stationary whilst the other disc is rotated at high speed sometimes, the two discs may be rotated in opposite directions. The material is gravity fed in through a hopper or air conveyed to the centre of the discs, and is thrown outwards by centrifugal action and broken against of the projections before it is discharged to the outer body of the mill and... 

The leaching plant, shown in Figure 10.6, consists of an open tank, 3 m in diameter, into the outer portion of which the solid is continuously introduced from an annular hopper. Inside the tank a 1.8 m diameter vertical pipe rotates very slowly at the rate of... 

A model 6R Bico vertical grinder, equipped with a 220/240V three phase motor, was used in all studies. The grinding system was modified to incorporate a custom-designed hopper, hopper cover, sample-cup holder and cleaning jets, which were all co-ordinated by the Zymate II central controller. 

Lamella settlers are gravity settlers that use a large number of inclined flat plates, closely packed, so that the distance between the plates is small. The gravitational action makes the cells move in the direction of the lower surface of the individual separating space between two plates. Once settled, the particles slide down in a layer towards the plate periphery and then into the sludge hopper. For the same required sedimentation area, lamella settlers are much more compact than vertical ones. Theoretically, their total sedimentation area is the sum of the horizontally projected areas of all plates. In practice, however, only 50% of this total area is effective [137]. The main problem with inclined settlers is that the cells tend to adhere to the plates. Special coating of the plate surface and vibration of the whole lamella pack may alleviate this problem. 

For the manufacture of carbon disulphide on the large scale, the charcoal is contained in a large vertical cast-iron cylinder, ten to twelve feet high and from one to two feet in diameter. This cylinder is surrounded by brickwork and heated by a fire beneath. The sulphur is introduced through a hopper connected with a side tube at the base of the cylinder. The carbon disulphide vapour is led away from the top of the cylinder through a pipe, the end of which dips under water, where most of the product condenses. Beyond the water condenser is a series of tubes in which condensation is completed. Hydrogen sulphide, one of the impurities, escapes condensation and passes on, being subsequently absorbed in slaked lime.4... 

Figure 5.10. Closed belt (zipper) for conveying in any direction (Stephens-Adamson Co.), (a) Arrangement of pulley, feed hopper and open and closed belt regions, (b) The tubular belt conveyor for horizontal and vertical transport a section of the zippered closed belt is shown, (c) Showing how the zipper closes (on downward movement of the belt in this sketch) or opens (on upward movement of the belt).

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