Vegetable oils waste

Example Fractionation of Fatty Acids. A mixture of waste acids from a vegetable oil refinery are to be separated into five fractions as shown in Table 1. 

Usually, the cost of pure vegetable oils is very high and can dramatically affect the overall economics of the synthesis process. Waste vegetable oils or mixed streams of fatty acids can also be used as a starting raw material for synthesis. Kelkar et al. [14] have investigated the esterification of Fatty acid (FA) odour cut (Cg-Cio) with methanol in the presence of concentrated H2SO4 as a catalyst using hydrodynamic... 

In the development of the protein-fatty acid condensates it was possible to combine the renewable resources fatty acids (from vegetable oil) and protein, which can be obtained from both animal waste (leather) as well as from many plants, to construct a surfactant structure with a hydrophobic (fatty acid) and a hydrophilic (protein) part (Fig. 4.12). This was carried out by reacting protein hydrolysate with fatty acid chloride under Schotten-Baumann conditions using water as solvent. Products are obtained that have an excellent skin compatibility and, additionally, a good cleaning effect (particularly on the skin) and, in combination with other surfactants, lead to an increase in performance. For instance, even small additions of the acylated protein hydrolysate improve the skin compatibility. An... 

There are four alternative fuels that can be relatively easily used in conventional compression ignition (Cl) engines vegetable oil, biodiesel, Fischer-Tropsch (FT), and dimethyl ether (DME). Both FT and DME can be manufactured from natural gas and are therefore not limited by feedstock availability. Biodiesel on the other hand, is produced from vegetable (and some waste animal) oils whose supply for non-nutritional uses is presently quite limited. 

In biodiesel preparation, vegetable oils and animal fats are typically employed as biomass feedstocks, but waste greases such as yellow grease and brown grease can also be used. Thus, biodiesel synthesis provides a means for... 

Also a pure glycerin and so-called Gum-Sugar (a syrupy coned sugar soln which would nor crystallize) was used. The small amts of vegetable oils, or paraffin oil and the so-called concentrated waste sulfite liquor, patented in Germany after WWI, also were found suitable for stretching Gelatins... 

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