Vegetable oils general structure

Vegetable oils are composed of complex mixtures of triglycerides (triesters of glycerine and fatty acids), whose composition depends on the origin of the oil. This composition is generally described in terms of the proportion of the different component fatty acids and is dominated by acids with 18 carbon atoms (Cis) and different degrees of unsaturation (Figure 7). The structures of the fatty acids present in the oil, the number of unsaturations and the stereochemistries, are responsible for the physical properties of the oil. 

The tocopherols and tocotrienols are generally not the major components of vegetable oil, but their presence is vital for stabilizing the unsaturated fatty acids of these oils against oxidative deterioration (39). Their structures are based on a chroman head with two rings, one phenolic and one heterocyclic, and a phytyl tails isoprenoid side chain at C-2. The phytyl tail is saturated in the case of... 

Because of concerns in the 1940s over the flammability of mineral and vegetable oil-based hydraulic fluids the civil aviation industry sought a fluid with greater fire resistance. The result was the introduction of a phosphate ester-based hydraulic fluid. These fluids contain in the region of 90% phosphate ester and are of the general structure (R0)3P=0, where R = butyl or isobutyl. 

As you discovered in Section 15.2, animal fats and vegetable oils are made up of triglycerides, which have many different structures but the same general design long-chain hydrocarbon groups attached to a three-carbon backbone. 

The general structure of a natural oil (vegetable oils or fats) is the structure of a triglyceride, the ester of glycerol and fatty acids (Figure 17.8). 

Studies of the irfl 5-unsaturation content of fats also provide a good illustration of multicomponent analysis. Naturally occurring vegetable fats and oils are a mixture of triglycerides of the general structure given in Figure 5.6a. 

Animal and vegetable oils and fats—commonly known as lipids—are composed of mixtures of glycerides, which are esters of the trihydric alcohol, glycerol (propane-1, 2, 3-triol). They have the general structure... 

The fact that castor oil is a well-established industrial commodity because of the importance of some of its derivatives and macromolecular materials explains why so many studies on polymers derived from vegetable oils have focused on the use of ricinoleic acid, 10-undecenoic acid, and several other molecules based on their structures. Chapter 3 considered the context of direct polymerisation of this oil and its main fatty acid. This section is devoted to reviewing the most salient recent aspects of the vast realm of monomers and polymers based on their second-generation derivatives. Its treatment begins after the exhaustive review that Mutlu and Meier published in 2010 [124]. The impressive number of contributions since 2010 testifies to the relevance that this area has acquired. Some general notions are, however, needed to set the stage . 

---