Variation diagram interpretation

Results of strontium isotope analyses at the site (Fig. 8.17) show substantial variation in enamel Sr/ Sr ratios. The local ratio at Teotihuacan is estimated from the nine rabbit bones shown at the left in the diagram. Interpretation of these values suggests that many of the individuals were migrants. Comparison of several individuals in the Oaxaca barrio at Teotihuacan shows a strong similarity of some individuals with samples from Monte Alban itself. 

A computer- There are a number of computer programs which can be used to interpret trends on based approach variation diagrams and to solve mixing problems of the type described above. to mixing Fractional crystallization, for instance, may be expressed as ... 

Alloys of lead and thallium have a structure based upon cubic closest packing from 0 to about 87-5 atomic percent thallium. The variation of the lattice constant with composition gives strong indication that ordered structures PbTl, and PbTl, exist. In the intermediate ranges, solid solutions of the types Pb(Pb,Tl)a and Pb(Pb,Tl)TlB exist. Interpretation of interatomic distances indicates that thallium atoms present in low concentration in lead assume the same valence as lead, about 2-14, and that the valence of thallium increases with increase in the mole fraction of thallium present, having the same value, about 2-50, in PbTls and PbTl, as in pure thallium. A theory of the structure of the alloys is presented which explains the observed phase diagram,... 

For example, Chittleborough and Treagust (2008) found a great variation in students ability to explain specific diagrams at either the macro or sub-micro level. Students interpretation and understanding of chemical diagrams was dependent on each individual s understanding of the sub-micro level of matter. 

In order to treat fully the problem of interpretation of spectra, it is common to use diagrams provided by Tanabe and Sugano, which provide an alternative means of depicting the variation of term energies with field strength. Tanabe-Sugano diagrams... 

In petroleum exploration, reflection seismic surveying is the method predominantly used. The seismograph records variations in the way rocks reflect sound waves sent downward from a surface source. The reflected sound waves vary with the type, depth, density, and dip of the rocks encountered. The returning sound waves made from a series of points along the survey path can then be displayed graphically to form a seismic record for interpretation by earth scientists. These principles are diagrammed and explained in Fig. 8. 

The relaxation diagram characterizing the temperature dependence of the roots for the characteristic equation (eigenvalues) is shown in Fig. 14. The temperature dependence of the time required to achieve the steady state is shown in Fig. 15. This time is interpreted as that required for the complete entering of the trajectory into the steady-state -neighbourhood (see Chap. 5, Sect. 4). The temperature variation is assumed to be stepwise (see discussion below). 

The application of the GLO Step Rule and, for that matter, the interpretation of activity-ratio diagrams in general are influenced by the existence of varying degrees of crystallinity or of particle size in soil minerals, with a corresponding variation in their solubility.15 For example, in the case of Fig. 3.5, very poorly crystallized forms of gibbsite and kaolinite, alluded to above, would require... 

Figure 2 A three-isotope diagram illustrating compositional variations in lunar samples and meteorites, as observed in stepwise in vacuo etching and pyrolysis. Since the observed isotopic compositions do not lie on a single straight line, at least three isotopically distinct components must contribute in variable proportions. These data are interpreted as superposition of solar wind (SW), solar energetic particles (SEP), and galactic cosmic ray, i.e., spallation (GCR)...

This procedure was used mainly to aehieve a reduction of dimensionality, i.e., to fit a A -dimensional subspace to the original / -variate observations p k). The statistics used to summarize the most important results was the percent of the total variation explained by the first k (usually two or three) components. In the case at hand the interpretation of PCA results was based on the diagrams of coefficients of variables (total concentrations of metals in the samples) and the scatter plot of samples (the stations separated in coastal, intermediate and offshore stations). 

Further substitution of niobium results in exceedingly complex structures, and a micrograph of a typical crystal of the niobium end-member of the series, BiuNbzOn, is illustrated in Fig. 11. The unit cell of this material is extremely large, approximately 115 x 80 X 5 5 A, and the x-ray powder diffraction diagram is impossible to interpret. From the micrograph shown, it would appear that the structure is based upon different principles from the one described above, but it can nevertheless be derived from it by repeated overlap of layers on (112) and (113) planes in a very complex sequence. Why such a complex sequence should be employed, and whether either of these phases are true "phases", or merely certain compositions in a quasi-continuous solid solution series, is not yet certain. What is however, demonstrated, is the remarkable ability which these simple layered structures show to variations in stoichiometry. 

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