Variable number tandem repeats VNTRs

The dopamine D -like receptor polymorphisms include SNPs, variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs), and splice variants (58,59). The polymorphic forms of the dopamine D receptor, for example, manifest as variable numbers of 48-bp repeat sequences (denoted D j to D., ) (49). 

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) For each person, a pair of homologous chromosomes is shown. 

The DAT gene is located on chromosome 5 and contains a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the 3 -untranslated region. This VNTR is composed of 40 bp repeats that commonly contain nine or ten copies. Multiple... 

The DRD4 gene has a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) located in exon 3, with the common alleles of two, four, and seven repeats [65]. The seven repeat appears to be the critical allele relevant to pharmacotherapy and alcohol consumption. Functionally, the DRD4 seven tandem repeat allele codes for a dopamine receptor D4 that blunts intracellular forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP (cAMP) response to dopamine relative to the receptor encoded by the two and four tandem repeat alleles [66]. 

Variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs) sequences of bases that are repeated in tandem almost without change up to 40 copies ... 

Variable-Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) are genomic regions with potentially extreme variation and has a great strain discrimination capacity [7], MLVA has been used for individual strain discrimination within several bacterial species with little genomic variation. 

There are several major types of DNA sequence variation in the human genome. One type comprises repeated sequences with variations in the number of repeat units, such as short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs, also known as microsatellites) in the form of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-nu-cleotide repeats, or more complex sequence repeats such as variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) [2-4]. Repeat polymorphisms are relatively... 

Another type of polymorphism is called a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR). Here the restriction sites flank a region of the genome whose length varies between individuals due to different numbers of copies of a specific sequence (a tandem repeat ). The restriction fragment pattern obtained using probes which identify different sequences is almost completely unique to an individual and can he used as a genetic fingerprint . 

The variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) is a common feature to both mucin types. The number and length of each motif is highly variable between mucins but is unique for each mucin gene (Table 1). VNTR are rich in Ser, Thr and proline residues that are linked to a variety of O-linked oligosaccharide side chains. 

Variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) regions of inherited variation that consist of aUeles which contain different numbers of repeating segments. It is easiest to think of them as freight trains with different numbers of box cars. Different loci will have different numbers of repeats. Though RFLP loci are also VNTR loci the number of repeats is generally not known because of the detection technology. 

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