Vaporization device

Nebulization is inefficient and therefore not appropriate for very small liquid samples. Introducing samples into the plasma in liquid form reduces the potential sensitivity because the analyte flux is limited by the amount of solvent that the plasma will tolerate. To circumvent these problems a variety of thermal and electrothermal vaporization devices have been investigated. Two basic approaches are in use. The first involves indirect vaporization of the sample in an electrothermal vaporizer, e.g. a carbon rod or tube furnace or heated metal filament as commonly used in atomic absorption spectrometry [7-9], The second involves inserting the sample into the base of the... 

Figure 1.14 Transient signals for Cu and Cli produced by an electrothermal vaporization device and detected with (a) a quadrupole-based ICP-MS instrument and (b) a ICP-TOFMS instrument, when five isotopes were measured simultaneously.

An alternative, more specialized procedure for small-scale use involves the use of vaporizing devices in which a high concentration of an insecticide is dispersed on a solid carrier from which during heating (mosquito mats) or burning (smokes or mosquito coils), or sometimes at mom temperature (impregnated plastic strips), an insecticidal vapour is produced. When used in such products PBO acts more as a solvent or evaporation retardant which evens out the rate of volatilization than as a synergist. 

Millard D. L., Shan H. C. and Kirkbright G. F. (1980) Optical emission spectrometry with an inductively coupled radiofrequency argon plasma source and sample introduction with a graphite rod electrothermal vaporization device. 

Intentional pressure increase by means of a vaporizer device to investigate the energy input by hydrogen preheated in a heat exchanger... 

Personnel wearing masks can detect phosgene leaks with ammonia vapor devices, as phosgene produces white fumes in the presence of ammonia. Other detection devices such as detector tubes and specialized leak detection instruments may also be used. 

C.R. Vidal, J. Cooper Heat pipe oven. A new well defined metal vapor device for spectroscopic measurements. J. Appl. Phys. 40, 3370 (1969)... 

The splitless inlet is most commonly used for trace analysis however, it has several deficiencies as it is a hot, vaporizing device. In the late 1970s, the... 

FIGURE 5.20 Graphite furnace electrothermal vaporization device. 

FIGURE 5.21 Metal filament electrothermal vaporization device. 

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