Vanadium-zirconium hydride

Borides are inert toward nonoxidizing acids however, a few, such as Be2B and MgB2, react with aqueous acids to form boron hydrides. Most borides dissolve in oxidizing acids such as nitric or hot sulfuric acid and they ate also readily attacked by hot alkaline salt melts or fused alkaU peroxides, forming the mote stable borates. In dry air, where a protective oxide film can be preserved, borides ate relatively resistant to oxidation. For example, the borides of vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, and tungsten do not oxidize appreciably in air up to temperatures of 1000—1200°C. Zirconium and titanium borides ate fairly resistant up to 1400°C. Engineering and other properties of refractory metal borides have been summarized (1). 

Sodium hydride Sodium hydrosulfite Sulfur chlorides Sulfuric acid Sulfuryl chloride Tetraethyl lead Tetramethyl lead Thionyl chloride Titanium tetrachloride Toluene diisocyanate Trichlorosilane Triethylaluminum Triethylborane Triisobutylaluminum Trimethylaluminum Trimethylchlorosilane Tripropyl aluminum Vanadium tetrachloride Vinyl trichlorosilane Zirconium tetrachloride... 

Ziegler-Naita caialysts consist of a combination of alkyls or hydrides of Group I-III metals with salts of the Group IV-VHI metals. The most generally efficient catalyst combinations are those in which an aluminum alkyl derivative is interacted with titanium, vanadium, chromium or zirconium salts. The most important application of these catalysts is in the polymerization of olefins and conjugated dienes. Not every catalyst combination is equally effective in such polymerizations. As a general rule, Ziegler-Natta combinations that will polymerize 1-olefins will also polymerize ethylene, but the reverse is not true. 

Most commonly, the catalyst component consists of halides or oxyhalides of titanium, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, or zirconium, and the cocatalyst component often consists of an alkyl, aryl, or hydride of metals such as aluminum, lithium, zinc, tin, cadmium, beryllium, and magnesium. The catalyst systems may be heterogeneous (some titanium-based systems) or soluble (most vanadium-containing species). Perhaps the best known systems are those derived from TiCl4 or TiCls and an aluminum trialkyl. 

Comparative studies of other metal halides as dopant precursors for treating NaAlIij have shown that similar levels of kinetic enhancement of the reversible dehydrogenation can be achieved upon doping with chlorides of zirconium, vanadium, and several lanthanides. Lower levels of catalytic activity have been reported to occur in hydride that was charged with FeCl2 and... 

Borides of vanadium, titanium, zirconium, and chromium were produced in thermal plasma by interaction of their melts with boron hydrides (BH3, B2H6) ... 

Overview A large number of catalysts based on vanadium [35-37], titanium [38 0], zirconium [41], hafnium [42], lanthanides (in particular neodymium, samarium, and ytterbium) [43], cobalt [44, 45], niobium [46], chromium [47], nickel [48], and palladium [49] provide well-defined polyolefins. Many of these systems are able to meet the requirements for living polymerizations by suppressing P-hydride and P-methyl eliminations, as well as chain transfer to cocatalysts, such as alkyl aluminums or methylaluminoxane (MAO). Since MAO is usually obtained as a liquid solution with residual trimethylalumi-num, drying MAO to a white powder and removing residual trimethylaluminum can help minimize chain transfer to cocatlysts. 

---