Vacuum cameras

X-ray powder diffraction patterns of samples heated at temperatures between 20 and 500 C were recorded in situ by using a Philips instrument equipped with vacuum camera (5x10 Pa). Heating rates of 5 C min l and CuKot radiation were used. Infrared spectra were obtained using a conventional greaseless IR cell the procedure and sample preparation have been described elsewhere (6). Al MAS-NMR spectra were recorded using a 400 MHz Bruker instrument. 

Structural properties. The structure of metallic films can be conveniently determined using x-ray diffraction with a surface reflection pinhole technique in a vacuum camera as indicated in Fig. 20. This device resulted from extensive efforts to develop a camera that could be used to determine the surface orientation of thin metal films with a minimum of manipulation of the instrument, of exposure time and of calculation required to obtain the data on orientation from the diffraction pattern. The film (6) mounted with a Lucite spacer (7) onto the turn table (8) is activated by the shaft (10). The beam (3) enters through the... 

Fig. 20. Vacuum camera for x-ray diffraction studies of thin evaporated metal films. [After Rhodin, Metals Transactions 185, 371 (1950).]...

The experimental technique when electron diffraction is used for detg the positions of atoms in solids requires the generation of a fine beam of high-speed electrons in a high-vacuum camera. In the study of gases, a jet of the vapor is directed across the electron beam... 

The influence of temperature was investigated in two stages. We measured the intensities of the diffraction peaks at room temperature without recourse to an x-ray vacuum camera. 

Column vacuum block 35 mm Roll film camera Focussing screen Plate camera 16 cm Main screen... 

Cameras, rechargeable appliances such as portable power tools, hand-held vacuums, etc. 

All assembly operations were carried out in tight camera in the atmosphere of dry air with the dew point of -40°C. Before the assembly, the parts of the capsule and the separator were dehydrated under vacuum at 50°C within 24 hours the electrodes being tested were exposed in vacuum furnace at 150°C within 24 hours. 

Paar HTK 1200 type High Temperature Oven-Camera, equipped with C uKa (k = 0.15409 nm) radiation source, while the mixture was kept at a temperature between 25 and 500 °C in high vacuum. 

The camera is mounted directly above the thermoanalyzer, its furnace is connected to the heated system of the impact plates through the heated vacuum-tight link. The vacuum in the balance is maintained by means of a shut-off valve, only the camera has to be opened during the sample change and evacuated afterwards. 

In this final section, we summarize the operation and characteristics of the principal vacuum tube and solid state detectors that are available for red/near-IR fluorescence studies. These include conventional photomultipliers, microchannel plate versions, streak cameras, and various types of photodiodes. Detector applicability to both steady-state and time-resolved studies will be considered. However, emphasis will be placed on photon counting capabilities as this provides the ultimate sensitivity in steady-state fluorescence measurements as well as permitting lifetime studies. 

PETN and RDX in a special vacuum impact machine. Their.results showed that gases developed on impact approximate mote closely those developed on thermal decomposition chan those on deton. The results are in harmony with the hypothesis of a thermal origin of impact-initiated explns and with the slow initial burning velocities observed with the rotating drum camera... 

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