Uterus estrogen effects

Bazedoxifene is a third generation SERM that displays estrogenic effects in bone and the cardiovascular system, but functions as an antiestrogen in the breast and uterus. 

SANTELL R c, CHANG Y c, NAIR M G and HELFERICH w G (1997) Dietary genistein exerts estrogenic effects upon the uterus, mammary gland and the hypothalamic/pituitary axis in rats. . 1 Nutr. 127 (2) 263-9. 

At present, the only SERMs routinely used in clinical practice are tamoxifen and raloxifene. Tamoxifen is used essentially as adjuvant treatment in women with breast cancer. Its use is related to estrogenic effects on the uterus. Specifically, tamoxifen can be associated with an increase not only in endometrial hyperplasia and cancer risk but also in uterine leiomyoma dimensions and in a risk of developing active endometriotic lesions. 

Alternatives to steroid hormone therapy for osteoporosis include raloxifene, bisphosphonates, sodium fluoride, vitamin D and calcium supplementation, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone. Tamoxifen has estrogenic effects on bone and delays bone loss in postmenopausal women. However as a result of estrogenic activity in the uterus, long-term tamoxifen administration has been associated with an increased risk of... 

Estrogenic effect. Petroleum ether extract of the resin was active on the rat non-pregnant uterus . Resin, in the ration of immature and ovariectomized rats at a concentration equivalent to 250 ppm THC/ani-mal, was inactive... 

M. Heneweer, R. Houtman, J. Poortman, M. Groot, C. Maliepard and A. Peijnenburg, Estrogenic effects in the immature rat uterus after dietary exposure to ethinylestradiol and zearalenone using a systems biology approach, Toxicol. Sci., 2007, 99, 303-314. 

The hypophysis influences mainly the ovaries, Tvhereas the processes of the uterus are regulated by the gonadal hormones. The estrogen effects production of new mucosa (proliferation phase) which ceases shortly before ovulation. Estrone simultaneously exerts an influence back on the hypophysis by inhibiting the elaboration of FSH and enhancing production of prolactin and the interstitial cell-... 

Anovulatory bleeding, also referred to as dysfunctional uterine bleeding, is secondary to the effects of unopposed estrogen and does not include bleeding owing to an anatomic lesion of the uterus. 

Helvering LM, Adrian MD, Geiser AG, Estrem ST, Wei T, Huang S, et al. (2004) Differential effects of estrogen and raloxifene on mRNA and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) activity in the rat uterus. Biol Reprod [Epub ahead of print]. DOI 10.1095/biolreprod. 104.034595... 

Ke HZ, Paralkar VM, Grasser WA, Crawford DT, Qi H, Simmons H, et al. (1998) Effects of CP-336,156, a new, nonsteroidal estrogen agonist/antagonist, on bone, serum cholesterol, uterus, and body composition in rat models. Endocrinology 139 2068-2076... 

Sutherland KM, Brady H, Gayo-Fung LM, Leisten J, Lipps SG, McKie JA, et al. (2003) Effects of SP500263, a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator, on bone, uterus, and serum cholesterol in the ovariectomized rat. Calcif Tissue Int 72 710-716... 

Fernandez A, Cantabrana B, Hidalgo A (1993) Estrogen and antiestrogen non-genomic effect in rat uterus contraction in calcium-free solution. Gen Pharmacol 24(2) 391-395... 

The effects of pure antiestrogens in the uterus have also been extensively studied, since it is an estrogen-dependent organ and the target of the main side effects of tamoxifen therapy, such as endometrial hyperplasia, hypertrophy of glandular epithelium, or even focal cellular atypia (Sourla et al. 1997). 

---