Uses and Recycling

In the steaming-out process excess chlorine is used and recycled. The major process conditions that are measured and controlled are temperature, pressure, pH, and oxidation potential. 

Environmental Impacts of Use and Recycling of Additives (DEHP) in Products... 

Within the broad framework of sustainable development, we should strive to maximize resource efficiency through activities such as energy and nonrenewable resource conservation, risk minimization, pollution prevention, minimization of waste at all stages of a product life-cycle, and the development of products that are durable and can be re-used and recycled. Sustainable chemistry strives to accomplish these ends through the design, manufacture and use of efficient and effective, more environmentally benign chemical products and processes". 

Air streams from the digestion system, vacuum cooler, concentrator, and other areas where fluorine is evolved are connected to a highly efficient absorption system, providing extremely high volumes of water relative to the stream. The effluent from this absorption system forms part of the recycled water and is eventually discharged as part of the product used for fertilizer manufacture. The Minnesota plant requires a constant recirculating water load in excess of 3000 gpm (11.4 m /min), but multiple use and recycle reduce makeup requirements to less than 400 gpm (1.5 m /min) or a mere 13% of total water use. 

Designed specifically to use and recycle aqueous-based leachates. 

Heldebrant DJ, Jessop PG (2003) Liquid poly(ethylene glycol) and supercritical carbon dioxide a benign biphasic solvent system for use and recycling of homogeneous catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 125(19) 5600-5601... 

In rhodium catalysed hydroformylation reactions, conversions achieved using a biphasic system were lower than those achieved in pure ionic liquid 40% in [Bmim][PF6]-scC02 99% in [Bmim][PF6] alone.However, the selectivity of linear to branched isomer was reversed and therefore these results were highly significant. This approach led to the development of a continuous-flow system for hydroformylation of alkenes, and under careful control the system could be used for several weeks without any visible sign of catalyst degradation. It should be noted that biocatalysts have also been used and recycled using biphasic ionic-liquid-carbon dioxide approaches. 

Figure 23. Current use and recycling of by-products and wastes from oil palm plantings and conventionai paim oil milling (144).

Materials Made from Polymers Uses and Recycling... 

FRP is now enormously used and recycling as cementitious materials is paid attention. The purpose of this paper is revealing fundamental flexural properties of cementitious composites including FRP powder. 

Under raw material consumption, the mass of raw materials needed by the corresponding process is determined first. The individual materials are weighted according to their reserves. The toxicity potential is calculated using the classifications for hazardous materials under EU law. The abuse and risk potential refiects the dangers of accidents in the manufacture, use and recycling of the product. The approach adopted is similar to a risk assessment in the case of plant safety in which the probability of occurrence and the level of damage are estimated. Values used for the individual products are only comparative and not absolute. 

Kaldor and others first reported resin-bound aldehydes [11] for the scavenging of amines. Recently, Miguel and coworker investigated the use and recycling of... 

In summary, the environmental management of materials involved in the manufacture, use, and recycling of VRLA batteries can be responsibly controlled. In fact, this is already true in many instances. Assessments of the need for further tightening of operating procedures for VRLA recycleable materials will undoubtedly be based upon a sound evaluation of the most reliable data available, and will be guided by the principles of environmentally sound management and sustainable development. 

Production, Use, and Recycling In the US, almost all beryllium is purified from a large deposit of bertrandite that occurs at Spor Mountain, Utah. While this ore only contains 0.6% beryllium, extraction of the metal from this ore is easier than the extraction of beryllium from beryl (14%... 

Unlike DNA, RNA is disposable Many copies of an RNA sequence are made from a single DNA sequence. These copies are used and recycled back to their constituent nucleotides. This allows the cell to respond quickly to changing conditions by transcribing different sequences into RNA. Special sequences called promoters tell RNA polymerase, the enzyme responsible for transcription, where to start making RNA (Figure 4-4). 

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