Sources, Important Compounds, Uses, Waste Products, and Recycling

Sources, Production, Important Compounds, Uses, Waste Products and Recycling 

Nearly all A1 is obtained from bauxite, which contains 40- 60% alumina. Approximately 90% is refined to alumina by the Bayer process, after which the alumina is reduced to A1 metal by electrolysis in the Hall-Heroult process. In the year 2000, worldwide A1 production was -24x10 metric tons, while in 2001 the US production was -2.6x10 metric tons (USGS 

A1 is widely used because it is light, strong and easily machined. Some 60% of its use is in structural materials in building and construction, in transportation, packaging and containers. There are also marine applications. A1 is widely used as a 0.18 mm-thick household foil. An extensive use has been in overhead transmission lines because it weighs only half as much as Cu yet has comparable current-carrying capacity. A1 is used 

A1 and A1 alloys are used in many applications because of their ability to resist corrosion at pH 4.5-8.5 this is due to the A1 oxide fdm that forms on the surface. Atmospheric corrosion is electrochemical and rate-dependent on the alloy (Staley and Haupin 1992). Alloying A1 with Cu, Mg, Mn, Si or Zn greatly improves its strength and hardness. 

A1 is a component of many consumer products, including antacids (that are also used as phosphate binders), buffered aspirin products and antiperspirants. Many deodorant stones are alum. A1 is found in some acne cleaning preparations and in dentifrices as an abrasive in dental rinses and toothpastes to reduce dentinal hypersensitivity products for dermatitis as an astringent first aid antibiotics and antiseptics, diaper rash and prickly heat, insect sting and bite, sunscreen and suntan and dry skin products antidiarrheal products and vaginal douches (Knodel et al. 1996). It has uses as a keratolytic in anorectal preparations and as an astringent and antibacterial to treat athlete s foot (tinea pedis) (Allen etal. 2000). 

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Sources, Production, Important Compounds, Uses, Waste Products, and Recycling TOSS Tab. 20.2 Supply of Pt, Pd and Rh by regions, 1975 to 2002. Values in 1000 oz. (Kendall 2002a,b)... 

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