Useful drug concept

So the total clearance of any drug is given by Vd (1) X Ks (h ) = (Vd /fei) 1/h, and is expressed, as is for example glomerular filtration rate, as units of volume per time period. We will use this concept of measuring clearance later in this section, and in clinical applications in Section IV. Tables of drug clearance are commonly set alongside those for apparent volume of distribution of common drugs in textbooks which list kinetic data. 

The C-6 side-chain functions of antibiotics have been used to develop the pro-dual-drug concept <2002BMC3489>. Compounds 64 and 65, combining clavulanic acid and amoxicillin, show a notable activity against /3-lactamase-producing microorganisms. 

The goal of this chapter is to describe the effect of drug particle size on content uniformity using the concept of ideal mixing.1 The intention is to provide a... 

The elimination of drugs from the body can be described quantitatively using the concept of clearance, and this can be related to physiological events. 

The problem in using fractal concept to describe the carrier-mediated drug transport is that there is no... 

An alternative approach is to use the concept of ordered mixing in which fine particles of the active ingredient are dispersed over the surface of much larger diluent particles. This is only feasible with potent drugs when the diluent will comprise by far the major component of the formulation. 

Pharmaceutical care is a necessary component of the existng health care system and must be integrated with other aspects of health care. The pharmacist cooperates with the patient and other health care professionals but does not have sole responsibility for the medication use process. Other health professionals (e.g., physicians, nurses) also have clearly defined roles related to proper medication use. The concept of pharmaceutical care does not imply a reduction or elimination of those roles. In fact, qualified health care providers other than pharmacists can provide pharmaceutical care. However, pharmacists possess knowledge and skills that make them uniquely suited to assume the responsibility for reducing drug-related morbidity and mortality. 

European Medicines Evaluation Agency, Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP). Concept paper for an addendum to the note for guidance on the investigation of bioavailability and bioequivalence Evaluation of bioequivalence of highly variable drags and drug products. Doc. Ref. EMEA/CHMP/EWP/147231/2006, April 2006. 

Let us apply these concepts and attempt to make some predictions. The very useful, widely used drug aspirin is a weak acid with a pKa of 3.5. It is usually taken orally. The pH of gastric juice in the stomach is about 1 in the small intestine it is about 6. From which area would the majority of this drug be absorbed into the bloodstream By applying Equation 1.6 we find that the drug is almost completely un-ionized in the gastric juice. 

Even though this concept was intensely researched in the 1960s (Baker, B. R., 1967) it has not resulted in widely used drugs. Newer techniques, however, applied to this interesting idea may yet give useful agents. 

Implicit in this equation is the assumption that because of a large vascular surface area, the blood temperature equilibrates with the tissue temperature. The concept of effective thermal conductivity has been used by several investigators in thermal physiology (Shitzer and Eberhart, 1985). Jain and Wei (1977) also used this concept to describe the drug distribution in tumors. 

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