Use for thiolation

Concerning SDAs, however, the presence of CTAB in the shell is not desirable for in vivo applications because of its toxicity.251,252 In fact, the deliberate displacement of CTAB from the AuNR surface with a commercially available mPEG-SH has been demonstrated.242 However, in comparison to 2D gold surfaces, the assembling of thio-lated molecules on the surface of gold nanorods is slower and thus higher excesses of thiolates have to be employed for efficient CTAB removal. For example, 24 h have been used for mPEG-SH and 72 h have been used for thiolated DNA.253... 

Often a need for patterning organic films exists that does not allow for a metal substrate, however, patterning systems found useful for thiolates on gold can be carried over to other substrates such as Si/Si02. The ease of preparation as well as the depth of understanding of these fundamental systems already firmly embedded... 

In fact, perfluoroalkyl iodides can react with thiolates even in the absence of UV irradiation [55, 62, 63] However, the photochemical reaction is particularly useful for the transformation of aliphatic thiols [59], because the spontaneous condensation gives a considerable quantity of disulfide in that case (equations 53-55). 

Alkylation of thiolates with perfluoroalkyliodonium salts occurs under mild conditions [66, 67], Perfluorocarboxyhc peroxides can also be used for this transformation [68] (equations 59-61). 

Homoleptic silver(I) thiolates AgSR have been known and used for a long time,957,958 but until recently with little definitive information about their structures. They are insoluble or slightly soluble, yielding unreliable high molecular weights in solution, indicative of nonmolecular crystal structures. These compounds dissolve due to the presence of thiolate ions. 

Use of Thiolation Reagents for Direct Labeling to Sulfhydryl Groups... 

Iodoacetate derivatives have been used for decades to block or crosslink sulfhydryl groups in proteins and other molecules (Chapter 1, Section 5.2). At mildly alkaline pH values (pH 8-8.5), iodoacetyl derivatives are almost entirely selective toward the cysteine —SH groups in proteins. Disulfide reduction or thiolation reagents can be used to create the required sulfhydryl groups on proteins containing no free sulfhydryls. 

Fluorescent probes containing sulfhydryl-reactive groups can be coupled to DNA molecules containing thiol modification sites. The chemical derivatization methods outlined in Section 2.2 (this chapter) may be used to thiolate the oligo for subsequent modification with a fluorophore. Appropriate fluorescent compounds and their reaction conditions may be found in Chapter 9. The protocol discussed in the previous section can be used as a general guide for labeling DNA molecules. 

Only a few group 1 and 2 metal derivatives of selenolates have been structurally characterized. They are prepared with the same methods used for the thiolates.155,158 At present there are no crystal structures of lithium terphenyl selenolates. However, the potassium and rubidium salts, which are dimeric, have been structurally characterized.155 They are isomorphous, both to each other and to the closely related thiolate analogues.1533 Currently, there are no reported terphenylselenolates reported for the alkaline-earth metals. 

The oxidation of thiols on mercury and some other metals (M = Zn, Cd) can be used for the preparation of different bis-thiolate complexes M(SR2) [18]. 

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