Use as nonlinear optical materials

Aluminosilicate xerogels, synthesis, 542 Amino acids, use as nonlinear optical material, 137... 

Oligothiophenes containing donor and acceptor substituents are of interest for the investigation of the electronic interaction between the two end groups, and their use as nonlinear optical materials. 

A similar iodonium exchange reaction involves aryl(cyano)iodonium triflates 278 and stannylated aromatic precursors providing many kinds of diaryl or aryl(heteroaryl) iodonium salts [145,147,401], Tykwinski, Hinkle and coworkers have reported an application of such iodonium transfer reaction for obtaining of a series of mono- and bithienyl(aryl)iodonium triflates 279 with increasingly electron-withdrawing substituents on the aryl moiety (Scheme 2.81) [401], Thienyl and bithienyl iodonium salts prepared by iodonium transfer reaction using PhI(CN)OTf are potentially useful as nonlinear optical materials [402],... 

Kato, T. Composition used as nonlinear optical material. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2005128152, 2005. 

The 4(5//)-oxazolone ring system has been and continues to be a rich source of interesting chemistry that has produced a number of useful compounds including trimethadione, dimethadione, famoxadone, chlozolinate, and vinchlozolin. In addition, such diverse areas of research as nonlinear optical materials, photographic and luminescence dyes, antidiabetic, antiulcer, antibacterial, and antitumor agents continues to provide a strong stimulus for further developments in this area. 

Photoinduced processes and resonant third order nonlinearity in poly(3-dodecylthiophene) has been studied by fs time resolved 4-wave mixing . Similar work has been reported for the poly(p-phenylene vinylene) system . Such materials have potential for the use as nonlinear optical switching devices. 

Another group of conjugated thiophene molecules for future appHcations are those being developed as nonlinear optical (NLO) devices (75). Replacement of benzene rings with thiophene has an enormous effect on the molecular nonlinearity of such molecules. These NLO molecules are able to switch, route, and modulate light. Technology using such materials should become available by the turn of the twenty-first century. 

The cadmium chalcogenide semiconductors (qv) have found numerous appHcations ranging from rectifiers to photoconductive detectors in smoke alarms. Many Cd compounds, eg, sulfide, tungstate, selenide, teUuride, and oxide, are used as phosphors in luminescent screens and scintiUation counters. Glass colored with cadmium sulfoselenides is used as a color filter in spectroscopy and has recently attracted attention as a third-order, nonlinear optical switching material (see Nonlinear optical materials). DiaLkylcadmium compounds are polymerization catalysts for production of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Mixed with TiCl, they catalyze the polymerization of ethylene and propylene. 

One of the advances in the field of PET is the design of molecular devices, in which D and A pairs are ingeniously linked by covalent bridges (B) to form D-B-A dyads. Electron transfers between D and A across B in a controlled manner may thus display useful functionalities, such as molecular rectifiers [25], switches [26], biosensors [27], photovoltaic cells [28], and nonlinear optical materials [29]. Spacers that have been utilized are versatile, including small molecules, such as cyclohexane [30], adamantane [31], bicyclo[2.2.2]octane [32], steroids [33], and oligomers of... 

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