Urine, protective effect

To study the tranquilizing activity of l-(3, 3, 3 -trifluoropropyl)-3,7,10-trimethyl-silatrane its ability to potentiate the action of soporific agents, the influence on the spontaneous bioelectric activity of subcrustal formations of the brain, the protective effect against stress and the change in adrenalin and noradrenalin excretion in urine has been examined83. ... 

Ohyama et al. (1987) investigated the urinary mutagenicity of healthy men after strictly defined meals by means of the Ames Salmonella/microsome test. When the subjects ate 150g of fried salmon at one meal, a potent mutagenicity of almost 5000 rever-tants of TA98 strain was present in all 6h urine samples. On the other hand, fewer than 2500 revertants were present in the urine when the subjects consumed 70 g of parsley and 150 g of fried salmon simultaneously, being sufficient evidence of parsley s protective effect. 

Cat s claw bark extracts are not mutagenic in the Ames test, and in fact show a protective effect against mutation caused by the photosensitizer 8 -methoxy-psoralen (8-MOP) and UVA radiation. In addition to testing the extracts and fractions directly, the investigators also tested urine from two volunteers (a smoker and a nonsmoker) who had ingested 6.5 g/d of cat s claw for 15 d. The decoction was prepared by boiling the dried bark in water for 3 h until the initial volume was reduced by one third. 

Samples such as hair, nails, blood, urine, and various tissues are analyzed by NAA for both essential and toxic trace elements (Bhandari et al. 1987, Lai et al. 1987). The analysis can be related to determine their effect on disease outcomes. These authors have reported that the diet and environment contribute largely towards the trace elements in the human body. It is has been demonstrated in other works that the selenium concentration in human nails is an accurate monitor of the dietary intake of selenium. As a consequence, the nail monitor has been extensively used to study the protective effect of dietary selenium against cancer and heart disease in numerous prospective case-control studies. In another study by Kanabrocki et al. (1979) on human thumbnails in USA, using thermal NAA technique, the average concentration of metals studied in clinically symptom-free adult female and male subjects were found to be zinc, 184 vs. 153 ppm chromium, 6.8 vs. 4.2 selenium, 0.9 vs. 0.6 gold, 2.6 vs. 0.4 mercury, 1.9 vs. 0.4 silver 0.7 vs. 0.3 cobalt, 0.07 vs. 0.04. In another study, the fluorine concentration in bone biopsy samples was... 

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