Urinary bladder catheterization

Postvoid residual urine volume Amount of urine left in the urinary bladder after the patient has been asked to empty the bladder. Assessed by urethral catheterization or ultrasonography. Normal postvoid residual urine volume should be less than 50 mL. An increased postvoid residual urine volume is consistent with incomplete bladder emptying. 

Effect of CCI4 Intoxication on Water Balance in Rainbow Trout. In studies of water balance the urinary bladder of treated and control animals was catheterized (PE 50 tubing) and individual fish were placed in plexiglass restraining chambers for 24 h to allow urine flow rates to stabilize. 

During spinal anesthesia, motor paralysis may impair respiratory activity, and residual autonomic nerve blockade can lead to hypotension upon ambulation. Residual autonomic blockade also interferes with bladder function, resulting in urinary retention and the need for bladder catheterization. 

Carefully timed and complete collection of urine is critical to clearance studies. Urine can be collected directly from the ureters (anesthetized preparations) or via repeated catheterization of the urinary bladder in large animals (conscious preparations). Cannulated... 

In the elderly, the ratio of bacteriuria in women and men is dramatically altered and is approximately equal in persons over the age of 65. ° The overall incidence of UTI increases substantially in this population, with the majority of infections being asymptomatic. The rate of infection increases further for elderly persons who are residing in nursing homes, particularly those who are hospitalized frequently. The increase is probably the result of a number of factors, including obstruction from prostatic hypertrophy in males, poor bladder emptying as a result of prolapse in females, fecal incontinence in demented patients, neuromuscular disease, including strokes, and increased urinary instrumentation (catheterization). 

Death Fatal cardiac arrest following bladder catheterization for urinary retention after spinal anesthesia has been reported [42 ]. 

In order to verify the efficiency of the therapy, an animal study is required. The urinary bladder cancer model developed by Xiao et al was adopted [11]. Firstly, we use Cred6 s method to evacuate the urine after the C3H mouse was anaesthetized. Then the mouse bladder was catheterized with a 24-gauge plastic cannula by some inert lubricant for agents... 

Urinary catheterization (insertion of a catheter into a patient s bladder an increase in urine output may occur with postrenal obstruction)... 

Two types of urinary tract symptoms are commonly seen in MS incomplete bladder emptying and incontinence. Incomplete bladder emptying is due to dyscoordination of the external urethral sphincter and detrusor activity.14 Most patients who develop this condition require intermittent or permanent uri-I nary catheterization.14 Incontinence in most MS patients is... 

The diagnosis and treatment of bladder dysfunction and urinary incontinence in horses is rather primitive compared with that in human patients with these problems (Wise Cardozo 1994). In humans, the management of these conditions includes a variety of procedures (e.g. exercises, behavioral therapy and surgery) as well as adjunctive drug treatment. Finally, urine scalding is not a problem in human patients with incontinence because they can either wear protective garments or be taught to self-catheterize. 

The use of an indwelling catheter frequently is associated with infection of the urinary tract and represents the most common cause of hospital-acquired infection. The incidence of catheter-associated infection is related to a variety of factors, including method and duration of catheterization, the catheter system (open or closed), the care of the system, the susceptibility of the patient, and the technique of the health care personnel inserting the catheter. The incidence of infection from a single catheterization in a healthy ambulatory patient is 1%. Bacteria may enter the bladder in a number of ways. During the catheterization, bacteria may be introduced directly into the bladder from the urethra. Once the catheter is in place, bacteria may pass up the lumen of the catheter via the movement of air bubbles, by motility of the bacteria, or by capillary action. In addition, bacteria may reach the bladder from around the exudative sheath that surrounds... 

Treatment modalities such as clean intermittent catheterization, surgical continence procedures, bladder augmentation, and the use of artificial urinary sphincters in addition to pharmacological treatment have significantly improved the quality of life for neurourologically impaired children. Since... 

Ozkan B, Demirkesen 0, Durak H et al (2005) Which factors predict upper urinary tract deterioration in overactive neurogenic bladder dysfunction Urology 66 99-104 Palmer LS, Richards I, Kaplan WE (1997) Age-related bladder capacity and bladder capacity growth in children with myelomeningocele. J Urol 158 1261-1264 Rickwood AMK, Thomas DC, Philip NH et al (1982) A system of management of the congenital neuropathic bladder based upon combined urodynamic and radiological assessment. Br J Urol 54 507-511 Seki N, Masuda K, Kinukawa N et al (2004) Risk factors for febrile urinary tract infection in children with myelodysplasia treated by clean intermittent catheterization. Int J Urol 11 973-977... 

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