Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation

Plan for Mill Tailings Sites Under Title II of the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act. US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington DC, USA, NUREG-1620. 

Management and disposal of most uranium or thorium mill tailings are governed by the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act of 1978 (UMTRCA, 1978). This Act is concerned with the control and stabilization of mill tailings for protection of public health and the environment. It addresses (1) remedial actions at inactive uranium or thorium processing sites or on properties in the vicinity of... 

UMTRCA (1978). Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act. Public Law 95-604 (November 11), 92 Stat. 3021, as amended (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington). 

Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Site Ranking System Def. of Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act Standards... 

Timing of Administration Act under Uranium Mill Tailing Radiation Control Act of 1978... 

EPA has issued special regulations for cleaning up uranium mill tailing sites under the "Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act." The regulations are found in 40CFR192. "Health and Environmental Protection Standards for Uranium and Thorium Mil Tailings."... 

Uarco, Inc., 1713 U charts, 1844, 1847-1849, 1851 UILS, see Universeil indirect labor standards Ultrasonic detection, 1614-1615 Ultrasonic machining, 1323 Ultrasound sensors, 385, 386 UML, see Unified Modeling Language UMTRCA (Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act), 1153 Uncertainty interval of, 2548 optimization under, 2625-2628 Uncertainty avoidance (in national cultures), 957, 958, 960... 

Id. Congress enacted the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act, 42 U.S.C. 7901 (1978) to deal with the health and environmental risks that could emanate from... 

With over 33 laws on the books and their companion regulations, it is an almost impossible task to know which laws and their regulations apply to your business. Some of this can be achieved by a process of elimination. If you do not have any medical waste, nuclear waste, or uranium mill tailings then the 1988 Medical Waste Tracking Act, the 1982 Nuclear Waste Policy Act, nor the 1978 Uranium Mill-Tailing Radiation Control Act would apply to your workplace. Many other laws do not apply to the majority of businesses in this country. However, many of the USEPA laws do apply or could affect your business. 

We have previously documented the methodology (Marks et al., 1985a) and presented a summary of the technique (Marks et al., 1985b) at the Maastricht, The Netherlands, Seminar on Exposure to Enhanced Natural Radiation and Its Regulatory Implications. This paper represents a synthesis of the work we have conducted to date on risk assessment at uranium mill tailings vicinity properties. 

Table II Range of Observed Radiation Levels and Radionuclide Concentrations at Uranium Mill Tailings Vicinity Properties...

The exposure scenario described in the previous example of domestic uranium mill tailings was used to classify the high-radium residues. The risk and dose assessments indicated a probability of radiation-induced cancer incidence of about 0.6, potential doses in excess of 10 Sv, and a risk index between 50 and 100. Thus, these residues would be classified as high-hazard waste, even under conditions of perpetual institutional control over near-surface disposal sites, and they would require some form of greater confinement disposal well below the ground surface. This conclusion is consistent with recommendations for disposition of these residues (NAS/ NRC, 1995b). 

Radiation protection health and environmental protection standards for uranium and thorium mill tailings listed constituent... 

EPA. 2002d. Radiation protection program. Health and environmental protection standards for uranium and thorium mill tailings. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Code of Federal Regulations. 40 CFR 192, Appendix 1. http //ecfr.access.gpo.gov/otcg. April 19,2002. 

The radiation paradigm also is applied to other situations including cleanup of sites contaminated with uranium or thorium mill tailings, mitigation of indoor radon, remediation of elevated levels of naturally occurring radionuclides other than radon, and responses to radiation accidents. In these applications, the maximum acceptable risk has a value in the range of about 10 1 to 10 3 (Kocher, 1999). 

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