University Basel

Institut fur Organische Chemie, University Basel, St. Johannsring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. 

The last important steroidal hormone of the adrenal cortex to be characterized was aldosterone la. This substance was only available in minute amounts from natural sources and the determination of structure by Reichstein and his colleagues1-2 was a masterpiece of collaboration between University (Basel) and Industry (Ciba-Geigy). The masked aldehyde group at C18 is an unusual feature for a steroidal molecule and at once posed interesting problems of synthesis. There are very few natural steroids which are substituted at C18, so a partial synthesis did not, at first, seem very practical. 

Brenner, M. Pataki, G. Experientia 1961, 17, 145. Brenner, M. Niederwieser, A. Experientia 1961, 17, 237. Pataki, G. Thesis Basel University Basel, Switzerland,... 

M. Colder Von Herdern. Dissertation University of Basel, Swiss,... 

Traugott Sandmeyer (1854-1922) was born in Wettingen. Switzerland, and received his Ph.D. at the University of Heidelberg. He spent his professional career doing pharmaceutical research at the Geigy Company in Basel,... 

In a series of papers, personnel from Novartis and the University of Basel in Switzerland have highlighted the pros and cons of neural networks for immediate release tablets [37-40]. In other studies neural networks have been found useful in modeling tablet formulations of antacids [41], plant extracts [42], theophylline [43], and diltiazem [44]. In a recent paper Lindberg and Colbourn [45] have used neural networks, genetic algorithms, and neurofuzzy to successfully analyze historical data from three different immediate-release tablet formulations. 

Dr Georg Geisler is a product safety expert and modeller working with RCC Ltd, a Contract Research Organisation based in Basel, Switzerland. In this function, he conducts environmental risk assessments of pesticides, biocides and other chemicals, as well as safety assessments for pesticide residues in the food chain. In 2003, Georg Geisler earned his Ph.D. on environmental life-cycle assessment of pesticides at ETH Zurich. In 1999, he had received a Diploma in environmental chemistry at the Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany. 

Berger, U. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Basel, Switzerland In preparation. 

Dhavalkumar D. Patel Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland... 

Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St Johanns Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland E-mail bernd.giese unibas.ch... 

Acknowledgements The help and advice of Monica Danon-Schaffer from Tetra Tech, British Columbia, Jim Puckett from Basel Action Network and Lauran van Oers from University of Leiden, Netherlands, is highly appreciated. Finally Giraffe Innovation Ltd. (London) kindly allowed us to use the data and picture from the WEEEman study. 

Puckett J, Tien H (2011) Phone conference between Jim Puckett, head of Basel Action Network and Henning Tien, Scientist at Hamburg University of Applied Science on the Guiyu topic. Wiefelstede (Germany) / Seattle (Washington)... 

We are grateful for unpublished information from Professor A.E. Bianco, Dr Y. Wu and Dr R. Harrison, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. We thank Dr W. Rudin, Swiss Tropical Institute in Basel, for providing Fig. 10.2. We thank Dr B. Kalinna (Humboldt-University) for reading the manuscript. Our studies on L3 chitinases were supported by the Edna McConnell Clark Foundation and the Commission of the European Communities to RL (grant IC18-CT95-0017). 

Dr. Holger Fischer University of Basel, Biocenter Klingelbergstrasse 70 CH-4056 Basel Switzerland... 

Astronomical Institute, University of Basel, CH-4102 Binningen, Switzerland... 

Fig. 1 Sketches of break junction-type test beds for molecular transport. On the far left is a tunneling electron microscopy (TEM) image of the actual metallic structure in (mechanical) break junctions from the nanoelectronics group at University of Basel. The sketches in the middle (Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd Nature Nanotechnology 4, 230-234 (2009), copyright 2009) and right (reproduced from Molecular Devices, A.M. Moore, D.L. Allara, and P.S. Weiss, in NNIN Nanotechnology Open Textbook (2007) with permission from the authors) show possible geometries for molecules between two gold electrodes, and (on the upper right) a molecule that has only one end attached across the junction...

We thank A. Zambelli, P. Longo, C. Pellecchia, G. Milano, G. Monaco, and C. Costabile of the University of Salerno, M. Toto and G. Minieri of the University of Naples, and L. Resconi, G. Morini, and G. Moscardi of Giulio Natta Research Center of Basell for useful discussions. This work has been supported by the Ministero della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica of Italy within PRIN 2002 fundings, by Basell, and by the National Research Council of Italy. 

---