Units of measurement conversions

A record of all calculations performed in connection with the test, including units of measure, conversion factors, and equivalency factors. 

Quantity Per Units of Measure Conversion Factors Work Centers Conversion Yield Factors Approval... 

Flanagan RJ. Guidelines for the interpretation of analytical toxicology results and unit of measurement conversion factors. Ann Chn Biochem 1998 35 261-8. 

Manufacturing capacity in hours for production line t at facility h Unit of measure conversion factor for product p at conversion facility i (standard units/ton). (Note that different measurement units may be used at different echelons, such as tons or standard units for produefion, cubic meters for storage and distribution, and standard units or cases for sales.)... 

The rate of H2 production by one unit of photobioreactor s volume is not useful for estimation of strain capabilities or for measurements of efficiency of light energy conversion. However, it is useful unit of measurements for optimization of hydrogen production by particular photobioreactor. From practical point of view it does not matter how much cells are in the photobioreactor or how much hydrogen is produced by one unit of illuminated surface. The rate of hydrogen production by the whole photobioreactor is of first importance. For a comparison of different photobioreactors it is better to express rate of hydrogen photoproduction per unit of its volume. So, it is practical unit for estimation of actual hydrogen photoproduction. 

A conversion table for the various units of measure used in conjunction with pumping speed is provided in Section 9, Table VI). 

You ve decided to go to Europe and you want to be sure that you order the right size beverage, know how far you ll be traveling by car, and dress appropriately for the weather on any particular day. All these functions relate to changing from English units of measure to metric measure. Here are some of the more useful conversion equivalences you ll need for your travels. For help with the temperatures, refer to Chapter 10 for conversions from Celsius to Fahrenheit and back again. 

You may encounter questions that ask you to convert between units of measurement in length, weight, or time. To convert from a smaller unit (such as inches) to a larger unit (such as feet), divide the smaller unit by the number of those units necessary to equal the larger unit. To convert from a larger unit to a smaller unit, multiply the larger unit by the conversion number. 

Because many experiments involve numerical calculations, it s often necessary to manipulate and convert different units of measure. The simplest way to carry out such conversions is to use the dimensional-analysis method, in which an equation is set up so that unwanted units cancel and only the desired units remain. It s also important when measuring physical quantities or carrying out calculations to indicate the precision of the measurement by rounding off the result to the correct number of significant figures. 

Common Physical and Chemical Constants and Conversions for Units of Measure... 

It is important to know that all the questions are based on real numbers. In terms of measurement, units of measure are used from both the English and metric systems. Although conversion will be given between English and metric systems when needed, simple conversions will not be given. (Examples of simple conversions are minutes to hours or centimeters to millimeters.)... 

Environmental Protection Agency policy is to express all measurements in SI units. When implementing this practice will result in undue costs or lack of clarity, conversion factors are provided for the non-SI units. This report uses British Engineering units of measure for some cases. For conversion to the SI system, use the following conversions ... 

APPENDIX 2 CONVERSION TABLE FOR THE UNITS OF MEASURE USED IN THE EVALUATION OF CHEMICALS AND DRUG SAFETY... 

In carrying out any analysis, it is important to ensure that all units of measurement used are consistent. For example, mass may be given in kg (kilogrammes), in lb (pounds) or in any other units. If two quantities are given in different units, one quantity must be converted to the same unit as the other quantity. Any book on chemical engineering (or physics and chemistry) will have conversion tables for standard units. 

Routine measurements of temperature are done with a thermometer. Thermometers found in chemistry laboratories may use either mercury or a colored fluid as the liquid, and degrees Celsius (°C) as the units of measurement. The fixed reference points on this scale are the freezing point of water, 0°C, and the boiling point of water, 100°C. Between these two reference points, the scale is divided into 100 units, with each unit equal to 1°C. Temperature can be estimated to 0.1°C. Other thermometers use either the Fahrenheit (°F) or the Kelvin (K) temperature scale and use the same reference points, that is, the freezing and boiling points of water. Conversion between the scales can be accomplished using the formulas below. 

Notice that for every two units of measure that are equal to each other (such as 1 yard and 3 feet), two conversion factors can be written, one the reciprocal of the other. You will soon see how to decide which of the two to use. 

There are a variety of problem-solving strategies that you will use as you prepare for and take the AP test. Dimensional analysis, sometimes known as the factor label method, is one of the most important of the techniques for you to master. Dimensional analysis is a problem-solving technique that relies on the use of conversion factors to change measurements from one unit to another. It is a very powerful technique but requires careful attention during setup. The conversion factors that are used are equalities between one unit and an equivalent amount of some other unit. In financial terms, we can say that 100 pennies is equal to 1 dollar. While the units of measure are different (pennies and dollars) and the numbers are different (100 and 1), each represents the same amount of money. Therefore, the two are equal. Let s use an example that is more aligned with science. We also know that 100 centimeters are equal to 1 meter. If we express this as an equation, we would write ... 

Outside the United States, refining capacity is cited in metric tons per year. Precise conversion from one unit of measure to the other depends upon the specific gravity of the crude oil, but an approximate relation is 1 barrel per day equals 50 tons per year (tpy). 

Conversion Factors for UK Imperial Units and Other Non-SI Units OF Measurement... 

Appendix Two Units of Measurement and Conversions Among Units... 

The information below shows imperial to SI unit conversions for the units of measurement most commonly used in the Handbook. SI units are used throughout with, where appropriate, imperial units reported in parentheses. 

Convert SI Units In science, quantities such as length, mass, and time sometimes are measured using different units. A process called dimensional analysis can be used to change one unit of measure to another. This process involves multiplying your starting quantity and units by one or more conversion factors. A conversion factor is a ratio equal to one and can be made from any two equal quantities with different units. If 1,000 mL equal 1 L then two ratios can be made. 

In this text we shall use both metric units and SI units. Conversions between non-SI and SI units are usually straightforward. Appendix C lists some important units of measurement and their relationships to one another. Appendix D lists several useful physical constants. The most frequently used of these appear on the inside back cover. 

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