Right-sizing

There are three heat-transfer modes, ie, conduction, convection, and radiation, each of which may play a role in the selection of a heat exchanger for a particular appHcation. The basic design principles of heat exchangers are also important, as are the analysis methods employed to determine the right size heat exchanger. 

During the actual preparation of the GPC/SEC gel, there are several noteworthy items in the procedure. When combining aqueous and organic phases, always pour the organic phase into the water phase as the reverse procedure produces very large particles. This mixture must be held at 40°C to prevent the initiator from starting the reaction before the right size particles are formed. Rotor speed determines the particle size of the spheres the faster the speed the smaller the particles. Constant torque mixers produce the best results with more narrow particle-size distributions. The initial mixture should be stirred at 300-400 rpm to ensure a particle-size distribution from 2 to 20 yam. 

Drafts, condensation on windows, ice damming, excessive noise from outdoors or equipment operation, and rooms that are cold in winter and hot in summer will diminish comfort in a home. Air-sealed construction, improved insulation, high-performance windows, right-sized, efficient hcating/cooling distribution systems, and mechanical ventilation commonly found in energy-efficient homes all work together to effectively eliminate these problems. 

Disadvantages are that the unit may not be exactly the right size for the duty, since a stock unit may be used, and the risk of misapplication. 

Manufacturers of laboratory equipment feature special sinks and drains with high chemical resistance. Sinks made from slabs of Alberene stone, which were popular for many years, often had traps made of lead. The softness of lead made the traps hard to clean out, and the job required tender loving care with a wrench of just the right size. 

Fig. 25. The effect of metal ion size on porphyrin ruffling. Very small metal ions [P(V) with an ideal P-N bond length of 1.84 A and low-spin Ni(II) with an ideal Ni-N length of 1.90 A in (a) and (b)) cause extensive S4 ruffling. Metal ions close to the right size (M-N = 2.035 A) give planar structures [Zn(II) in (c)]. Metal ions that are too large [Pb(II) at (d) with ideal Pb-N of 2.39 A] are extruded from the plane of the porphyrin and cause it to dome. For clarity, substituents on the porphyrins such as phenyl or ethyl groups have been omitted. Modified after Ref. (77).

To cancel a persistent mode introduced at high field, the persistent current must be matched by the current in the leads and the persistent current switch heated. The magnet may quench if the current is not accurately matched. Should it be necessary to depersist a magnet with an unknown current, back-to-back diodes (of right size) can be put across the leads they are a safety when heating the link. 

Consider what happens when a nonoptimal ligand binds to the protein. The binding of this modified ligand is much weaker not because it s not the right size to fit into the protein-binding site, but because the complementary group on the protein loses a favorable interaction with water that is not replaced by an equally favorable interaction with the ligand (Fig. 2-6). 

The LOCK AND KEY model for enzyme specificity uses complementarity between the enzyme active site (the lock) and the substrate (the key). Simply, the substrate must fit correctly into the active site—it must be the right size and shape, have charges in the correct place, have the right hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors, and have just the right hydrophobic patches. 

The larger the solute molecular size, the higher the water loss and the lower the sugar uptake under fixed process conditions. Using the right size of osmotic solute, satisfactory moisture diffusivities, with nearly zero net solute uptake, can be obtained. 

For the panel size different members are given. 8 people appears the right size for the panel. 

This process seems much simpler than the Ziegler process, and you may wonder why it has not crowded Ziegler out. The problem is the olefin feed. Where do you get a ready supply of olefins the right size to feed to the process The answer is you have to malce them, and therein lies the rub. Normal paraffins from petroleum waxes or other chemical processes provide the feedstock to a two-step process, chlorination and dehydrochlorination, which produces an olefin corresponding to the paraffin. 

Known as crown ethers because of their crown-like shape, these ethers contain cavities that are ideal for forming complexes with metal ions. It is this property that allows ordinary salts to dissolve in organic solvents. For example, potassium permanganate is usually insoluble in benzene, but readily dissolves in benzene if [18]-crown-6 ether is added. This solution is useful because it allows oxidation with potassium permanganate to be carried out in organic solvents. The potassium ion (shown in green) is just the right size to fit into the cavity in the crown ether. 

Expose gel using a phosphor imaging plate (15 min), and match the obtained image with the gel to localize the bands with the right size. 

Analyze 10 pi of the reaction product on a denaturing PAGE (8%, 6 M urea) to verify the right size of the RNA (90 nt) and to determine if smaller products are present. 

By better we mean giving more just right-sized pigment in the product stream. Also, separation and recycle of the size cuts is not practical. 

You ve decided to go to Europe and you want to be sure that you order the right size beverage, know how far you ll be traveling by car, and dress appropriately for the weather on any particular day. All these functions relate to changing from English units of measure to metric measure. Here are some of the more useful conversion equivalences you ll need for your travels. For help with the temperatures, refer to Chapter 10 for conversions from Celsius to Fahrenheit and back again. 

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