United Nations Charter

The mid-twentieth century marked one of the greatest watersheds of Asian history. The relatively brief Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia and much of China, and its sudden ending with the atomic bombs of August 1945, telescoped what might have been a long-term transition into a dramatic and violent revolution. In essence, imperial constructs were declared to be nation-states, the sole legitimate model of twentieth century politics, sanctioned in the sovereign equality principle of the United Nations charter (1945). 

Increasingly, educated and confident consumers are aware of five consumer rights (United Nations charter) ... 

United Nations Charter, Article 42 ( Such action may include demonstrations, blockade, and other operations by air, sea, or land forces of Members of the United Nations. ) (Emphasis added). 

The U.S. Senate in the meantime ratified the United Nations Charter. 

The OPCW, within its competence and in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, shall cooperate with the General Assembly and the Security Council by furnishing them, at the request of either, such information and assistance as may be required in the exercise of their respective responsibilities under the United Nations Charter. 

Affirming its resolve to take appropriate and effective actions against any threat to international peace and security caused by the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and their means of delivery, in conformity with its primary responsibilities, as provided for in the United Nations Charter,... 

S/RES/384 (1975) of Dec. 22, 1975. For a discussion of Security Council powers when acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, see W. Weiss, Security Council Powers and the Exigencies of Justice after War, Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law, 2008, Vol. 12, 45—111 (noting that the Security Council has always enjoyed broad discretion in its Chapter VII powers, which are... 

The causality principle is tied in with the rules of State Responsibility enunciated by the International Law Commission and Article 51 of the United Nations Charter which states that nothing in the Charter will impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations, until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security. The provision goes on to say that measures taken by Members in the exercise of this right of self-defense will be immediately reported to the Security Council and will not in any way affect the authority and respOTisibiUty of the Security Council under the present Charter to take at any time such actimi as it deems necessary in order to maintain or restore international peace and security. 

United Nations (UN). 1946. Charter of the United Nations. 26 June 1945, TS 67. 

The United Nations World Charter for Nature published. It adopts the principle that every form of life is unique and should be respected regardless of its value to humankind. It also calls for an understanding of our dependence on natural resources and the need to control our exploitation of them. 

Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, General Assembly resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970 (1970 Friendly Relations Declaration). 

While the duty to respect these rights and obligations was traditionally incumbent upon States, international organizations, as subjects of international law, are also bound by it. For example, Article 2 of the Charter of the United Nations provides that [t]he Organization [the Untied Nations] and its Members... shall act in accordance with the following Principles including the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members and the prohibition on the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state except where enforcement measures are taken under Chapter VII of the Charter. 

Binding decisions of the Secnrity Council within the meaning of Article 25 of the Charter of the United Nations can have consequences on the sovereignty of a State in the sense that they could limit the right of the State to control the entry of international organizations into its territory for the purpose of carrying out humanitarian activities. ... 

Kunz K (1947) Individual and collective self-defense in Article 51 of the charter of the United Nations. Am J Int Law 41 872-879... 

Convinced also that a treaty ensuring the use of Antarctica for peaceful purposes only and the continuance of international harmony in Antarctica wiU further the purposes and principles embodied in the Charter of the United Nations. ... 

---