United Kingdom installations

In the late 1980s, Brodie crystalHsers were installed in the United Kingdom and in France for upgrading phthaHc-grade naphthalene to 99% purity or better. This apparatus, developed by Union Carbide Corporation, AustraHa, for separating o- and -dichlorobensene, was adapted for naphthalene refining. The one installed in the United Kingdom, however, has been closed (21) (see Naphthalene). 

A seismic stress analysis is not made as a routine procedure in the design of vessels for sites in the United Kingdom, except for nuclear installations, as the probability of an earthquake occurring of sufficient severity to cause significant damage is negligible. However, the possibility of earthquake damage may be considered if the site is a Major Hazards installation, see Chapter 9, Section 9.9. 

ODORGARD A process for removing odorous gases from air streams by scrubbing with an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite in the presence of a proprietary heterogeneous catalyst. The catalyst contains nickel and is based on the HYDECAT catalyst. Developed by ICI Katalco and F. H. H. Valentin. Nine units had been installed in the United Kingdom by 1995. World Patent WO 94/11091. 

Woodall-Duckham Also called the Babcock W-D process. A process for recovering hydrochloric acid and metal oxides from spent metal chloride solutions, such as those obtained from metal pickling and ilmenite beneficiation. The liquor is first concentrated by evaporation, and then atomized in a heated spray-tower. Water evaporates from the droplets in the upper part of the tower, and chlorides are converted to oxides in the hotter, lower part. Developed by Woodall-Duckham in the 1960s by 1992, over 150 installations were in use worldwide. Now offered by Babcock Woodall-Duckham, United Kingdom. 

In controlled tests in the United Kingdom, the system demonstrated the ability to achieve a high detection probability (98%) for cargo inspection with only one false alarm during the tests. Despite this, the system was not installed, mostly due to concerns over system complexity, unease about downtime, large space requirements, and, finally, cost [17]. Another major study of PFNA came to similar conclusions [18]. 

HCN is usually consumed at its production site, and most consumers without on-site HCN production capability are believed to be developing plans to eliminate HCN shipments. For example, BASF in the United Kingdom produces by-product HCN in an ACRN plant and ships HCN railcars to Lucite. This HCN is used to produce acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) in a methyl methacrylate plant. To eliminate these shipments, BASF and Lucite plan to 1) install an ACH plant on the BASF plant site and 2) transfer the ACH to Lucite via a 9 km pipeline136. 

The United States derived about 20 percent of its electricity from nuclear energy in 2002 (EIA, Electric Power Monthly, 2003). The 103 power reactors operating today have a total capacity of nearly 100 gigawatts electric (GWe) and constitute about 13 percent of the installed U.S. electric generation capacity. The current U.S. plants use water as the coolant and neutron moderator (hence called light-water reactors, or LWRs) and rely on the steam Rankine cycle as the thermal-to-electrical power conversion cycle. Other countries use other technologies—notably C02-cooled reactors in the United Kingdom and heavy-water-cooled reactors (HWRs) in Canada and India. 

In some countries, e.g. the United Kingdom, terminal compartments in d have been installed in front of the d -enclosure. Notwithstanding this separate terminal compartment, the requirements for this cable entry technique are identical with those for direct cable entries. For these d -terminal compartments, the same thermal considerations are valid as for e -terminals, given in Section 6.7.2. The cable entry point is shifted away from the main enclosure with all its thermal losses inside, the terminal compartment inserted hereby acts as an additional cooling surface. ... 

It is interesting to note a recent announcement of the installation in the Portsmouth City Museum, United Kingdom of a large reduction furnace to stabilize ion antiquities, cannon in particular (41). It is indicated that experiments will be conducted to determine the feasibility of treating archaeological iron using the furnace, but not destroying the metaFs microstructural characteristics. ... 

From the point of view of this illustrative study, the locations for siting the retrofit FGD capacity are of most interest. The analysis shows quite straightforwardly that there is an optimal strategy which maximises benefit to the United Kingdom. Such an optimal strategy for a sensitive site in central Wales would entail installing retrofit FGD capacity with highest priority in Wales, then in the west Midlands, the south west and finally, at lowest priority, in the east Midlands. 

The Commission s approach with bilateral contacts may have also been an important factor to avoid the challenge of some of its decisions in Court. A Commission decision may be contested within two months after adoption. Only two Member States have taken the Commission to court.18 Germany has contested the Commission decision on its plan because the Commission disallowed a number of intended downward ex-post adjustments at installation level. The United Kingdom has taken the Commission to court concerning not the initial Commission decision on its plan but the later Commission decision refusing to consider an amendment to its plan, which it notified to the Commission more than four months after the initial Commission decision. 

The EU Emissions Trading Directive established a very low level of heat input (20 MWth) as the threshold for inclusion in the ETS. If there is one refrain that arises from virtually every one of the ten NAP processes included in this volume, it is that the inclusion of small installations was not worth it. As noted in one contribution after another, a large proportion of CO2 emissions originate from a small number of installations, while a very large number of the installations contribute only a small percentage of emissions. For instance, in the United Kingdom, 20% of the sites account for 94% of emissions and 80% of the sites contribute 6% of the emissions (see Harrison and Radov, United Kingdom ). Similar statistics are found in every Member State. 

Full-scale ozone applications of textile wastewater treatment have been installed in Japan, the United Kingdom, Italy, Germany, etc. " ... 

The NG manufacturing process also was being made continuous but the work was taking place outside the United Kingdom. The Schmid continuous process appeared in 1927 (15) and eventually was first installed in a British government factory at Holton Heath in 1937. 

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