Addition reactions unified model

In a very different area of organic chemistry Ken produced a series of landmark theoretical papers on carbene reactions. He developed a general theory, showing how orbital interactions influence reactivity and selectivity in carbene additions to alkenes. Ken also showed how entropy control of reactivity and negative activation barriers in carbene addition reactions could both be explained by a new, unified model. 

The simple models that we have reviewed here help in visualizing the structure of liquid liquid interfaces and the reactions that occur at them. In addition, they predict trends and orders of magnitudes. So far, the lattice gas has been unique in that it can serve as a unifying model for practically all processes at the interface. The other models that we have discussed aim to explain particular features. 

In addition to the direct utility of mathematical models in the analysis of complex chemical systems a unified conceptual framework is offered to the mathematical treatment of problems of chemical kinetics and related areas in biomathematics. Biochemical control processes, oscillation and fluctuation phenomena in neurochemical systems, coexistence and extinction in populations, prebiological evolution and certain ecological problems of Lake j Balaton can be treated in terms of this framework. Though the main body of/ the book deals with spatially homogeneous systems, spatial structures in chemical systems, pattern formation and morphogenesis related to reaction-diffusion models are also mentioned briefly. 

Fig. 23.2 articulates the model via Eq. (2), using four cartoons of intersecting curves, which outline the impact of the key factors on the barrier. Clearly, the VB diagram constitutes a unified and general structure-reactivity model that can in principle be applied to any reaction. Furthermore, Fig. 23.2 and Eq. (3) project the bridges between the VBSCD and other conceptual tools. Thus, as seen in the framed statements at the bottom of Fig. 23.2, the VBSCD incorporates rate-equilibrium effects, and thereby makes a connection to classical physical organic chemistry [1]. In addition. 

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