Unified field model

W.J. Popendorf, Advances in the unified field model for reentry hazards, in Dermal Exposure Related to Pesticide Use Discussion of Risk Assessment, ed. R.C. Honeycutt, G. Zweig, and N.N. Ragsdale, ACS Symposium Series 273, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 323-340 (1985). 

The prediction of a heavy boson has received preliminary empirical support [92,96] from an anomaly in Z decay widths that points toward the existence of Z bosons with a mass of 812 GeV 1 33j [92,96] within the SO(l) grand unified field model, and a Higgs mechanism of 145 GeV4gj3. This suggests that a new massive neutral boson has been detected. Analysis of the hadronic peak cross sections obtained at LEP [96] implies a small amount of missing invisible width in Z decays. The effective number of massless neutrinos is 2.985 0.008, which is below the prediction of 3 by the standard model of electroweak interactions. The weak charge Qw in atomic parity violation can be interpreted as a measurement of the S parameter. This indicates a new Qw = 72.06 0.44, which is found to be above the standard model pre-... 

Indeed, classical U(l) electrodynamics is modeled as a field theory on a flat spacetime. In the more rigorous and general Sachs-Evans unified field approach, this is falsified. In that more fundamental model, EM waves and fields can propagate only through curved spacetime. 

It is concluded within the toy model above that the B(3) field, or more likely a pseudofield, is consistent with an extended SU(2) x 51/(2) model of electroweak interactions. A more complete formalism of the 51/(2) x SU 2) theory with fermion masses will yield more general results. A direct measurement of B(3 should have a major impact on the future of unified field theory and superstring theories. The first such measurement was reported in Ref. 14, (see also Refs. 6 and 7). 

A method to set REIs would account for the rate of dermal absorption, the rate of foliar contact and the rate of change in cholinesterase. These factors were used in the Popendorf and Leffingwell (1982) Unified Field Model for determining REIs. This model also accounts for the relative rate of DFR dissipation, and differences in potency based on the dermal LD50 of the pesticide. The Unified Field Model is an elegant technique that takes into account many variables affecting exposure and cholinesterase inhibition as a response. Ultimately, the rate of cholinesterase inhibition, and not a fixed level of inhibition, is the primary... 

In all of these statements the emphasis is on unified fields and not on cosmology. As a matter of fact, the equivalence of the projective unified model to five-dimensional spaces in general, and to that of Einstein and Mayer in particular, was first demonstrated by Veblen himself (Monograph Chapter Vlll). The crucial observation is that this equivalence mapping is done in the tangent space, without implying the equivalence of the Einstein-Mayer five-dimensional construct with four-dimensional projective space-time. The five-dimensional spaces are not projective, but affine spaces. 

Advances in the Unified Field Model for Reentry Hazards... 

The concepts comprised within the "unified field model" are embodied in Figure 1. The 1982 report C2) discussed each of the measurable conditions of residue, dose, and response (the boxes in Figure 1) and the processes or mechanisms (arrows) which connect them. The unified field model went beyond a concept to a sequence... 

Figure 1. Conceptual diagram of the Unified Field Model. (Reproduced with premission from Ref. 15. Copyright 1980, American Industrial Hygiene Association.)...

Table I, Quantitative Form of Unified Field Model...

Hazard assessments can be made of this Initial residue using the unified field model with decay time, T, set equal to zero days. Figure 2 provides an overview of the anticholinesterase potential calculated from known residues as follows ... 

It is clear that many assumptions were needed to calculate this reentry value. If these assumptions are reasonable, the calculated T=17 days contrasts sharply with the current EPA required reentry Interval for Systox of 2 days. These assumptions provide some clues to the kinds of further research necessary to implement this model more broadly. These topics for further research will be reviewed shortly. But first by way of sunmarizlng the current uses of the unified field model, I will review recent research related to each mechanism. 

The steps of absorption (k ) and response can assume either concurrent or separate research implicatlons. The basic unified field model conveniently jumps over these separate steps by assigning k > 1 and k <=6 to be used with human field dermal dose measurement and rat demal LD,.. Although this value is very similar to the k based on rat Iaboratory dermal dose and was based on a viry small number of field conditions. The justification for further research to refine or validate k =6 will come in part from the previously mentioned computer simulation project. 

An even coarser description is attempted in Ginzburg-Landau-type models. These continuum models describe the system configuration in temis of one or several, continuous order parameter fields. These fields are thought to describe the spatial variation of the composition. Similar to spin models, the amphiphilic properties are incorporated into the Flamiltonian by construction. The Flamiltonians are motivated by fiindamental synnnetry and stability criteria and offer a unified view on the general features of self-assembly. The universal, generic behaviour—tlie possible morphologies and effects of fluctuations, for instance—rather than the description of a specific material is the subject of these models. 

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