Underwater computer

A watertight data management unit [underwater computer (UWC)] in the underwater vehicle takes DC power in the range from 12 to 32 V from the ship and converts this to 5 V DC with a DC-DC converter. This 5-V supply powers the UWC internal circuitry and two 15-V DC-DC converters. One converter is used for the requirements of the UWC the other is used to supply + 30 V DC and + 15 V DC to the external sensors. 

Pentolite is also used as a standard charge for both air blast and underwater blast measurements. Extensive air blast measurements using Pentolite were made by Stoner Bleakney (Ref 3). Theoretical air blast computations for Pentolite (and TNT) have been given by Shear Wright (Ref 7) and by Shear (Ref 7a)... 

Although it is possible to define the potential or kinetic energy in blast waves, it is not customary in air blast technology to report or compute these properties. For underwater explosions, the use of "energy flux density" is more common. This quantity is given approximately by... 

Detonation in Slurry Explosives. Cook, in his book, pp 316-21, described under the heading "Water-Compatible Explosives properties of slurry explosives developed by M.A. Cook.St H.E. Farnam. These expls were intended for use in large diameter underwater blasting at Iron Ore Company of Canada s Knob Lake operation. The success of these expls brought out the importance of pressure and density on the products of detonation. Table 12.21 of Cook s book gave computed properties of three dry versus water soaked slurry mixtures at AN/TNT ratios of zero, 1.0 8c 3.25. It was of interest to note that the computed (dry basis) available energy A of the TNT in slurry with 27% water was 17% greater... 

Recently various computational hydro codes have been adapted to the determination of underwater shock parameters. A Lagrangian code (with artificial viscosity) augmented by a sharp shock routine was used by Sternberg Hurwitz (Ref 12) to generate the curves shown in Figs 22,23 24... 

Bjarnholt and coworkers (Refs 13 and 21) used a semi-empirical approach to estimate the useful energy of HE via underwater expln energy measurements. In essence, their approach involves computation of a shock toss factor, ft > 1, to estimate the shock energy at the HE/water boundary from measured shock energies at some distance from the HE. This is coupled with the assumption that the measured bubble energy at some distance from the HE equals the bubble energy at the HE/water boundary. Then the total underwater expansion work per unit mass of HE, A0, is given by ... 

Korotkov et al (Ref 52) compare computed shock wave pressure and deton gas expansion pressures (bubble pressures) with exptl values for the underwater expls of RDX and PETN Yakushev and Dremin (Ref 86) claim that the observed electrical conductivities of RDX/TNT... 

Much of what you read is an attempt to explain either the cause of some action or its effect. For example, an author might try to explain the causes of World War I or the effect of underwater nuclear testing the reason behind a change in policy at work or the effect a new computer system will have on office procedure. Let s take a look at how writers explaining cause or effect might organize their ideas. 

High sensitivity underwater radiation survey meter covering the range from 0.1 mr/hour to 30000 rad.hour. Spent fuel measurements. Also for unattended monitoring (if coupled to computer). 

E. S. Diaz, A Complete Underwater Electric and Magnetic Signature Scenario Using Computational Modelling, www.beasy. com/publications... 

Highest quality in CTD salinity can be obtained only if the CTD is operated together with a rosette sampler (Fig. 3-5) for in situ calibration (see Section 3.6.3 for the calibration procedure and Section 3.6.4 for data processing). In these cases, a one-conductor cable serves to transfer CTD data from the underwater unit to the deck unit and a personal computer, and to control bottle closures by the operator. Recently, some manufacturers started to offer combined CTD-rosette sampler systems that have internal CTD data storage and that close bottles at prescribed pressure levels. Closing the bottles is controlled using the CTD s pressure sensor signal. 

The first step in the design of fixed structures is the computation of the forces on its members due to the extreme environment present at the site. Forces on the submerged members of the structure arise from currents, and waves. The fatigue life of the members is also of concern in the design of these structures. In fact, several structures have failed due to the fatigue failure of critical members in the structure. It is not uncommon to repair or replace the underwater members of a fixed jacket structure during its lifetime. 

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