Bubble measurement

The transfer interface produced by most of the mass transfer apparatus considered in this book is in the form of bubbles. Measuring the surface area of swarms of irregular bubbles is very difficult. This difficulty in determining the interfacial area is overcome by not measuring it separately, but rather lumping it together with the mass transfer coefficient and measuring kLa as one parameter. 

Table II. Experimental conditions for bubble measurements. (Gas phase is nitrogen, and solid density is 2.42 g/cnP)...

Soap bubble measurement is carried out in the device shown in Figure 2.16. 

FIGURE 4.20 Scheme of the experimental setup for sessile drop experiments (left) and for captive air bubble measurements (right) using ADSA. Source Uhlmann et al. [41]. Reproduced with permission of Amaican Chemical Society. 

In summary, there is no ideal method that can be used for universal purpose of bubble measurements and one can choose appropriate method(s) for a particular purpose. 

Leifer and G. de Leeuw, Bubble measurements in breaking-wave generated bubble plumes during the LUMINY wind-wave experiment, in Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, eds. M. Donelan, W. Dreiman, E. Saltzman and R. Wanninkhof (AGU, Washington, DC, 2002), pp. 303-310. 

S. Vagle and D. Farmer, A comparison of four methods of bubble measurement, IEEE Oceanic Eng. 23(3), 211-222 (1998). 

N. Mori and S. Kakuno, Aeration and bubble measurements of the coastal breaking waves, Fluid Dynamics Res. 40(7 8), 616-626 (2008). 

Sitnai O, Dent DC, Whitehead AB. Bubble measurement in gas-solid fluidized beds. Chem Eng Sci 36(9) 1583, 1981. 

Figure 6.3 Experimental setup, (a) Goniometer, (b) Environmental chamber designed for captive bubble measurements.

Electrochemical Probe for Frictional Force and Bubble Measurements... 

Cain FW, Lee JC. (1985) A technique for studying the drainage and rupture of unstable liquid films formed between two captive bubbles Measurements on KCl solutions./ Coll Interface Sci 106(1) 70-85. 

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