Uncertain capacity

The uncertainties of the aggregated scheduling problem are modeled by discrete scenarios. The demand scenarios are defined by random variations around a nominal profile where the variations represent new or changed orders. The scenarios for the uncertain capacity are generated by assuming the failure of one polymerization reactor with a certain probability for each period. 

Figure 1 Probability of failure Pi.s for the structure with uncertain capacity parameters for different damage scenarios.

Figure 8 Probability of failure Pis for (a) the undamaged structure with deterministic (UDa) and uncertain capacity parameters (UDb).

In general, the uncertainty in the definition of the limit state does not produce a large difference in the failure probability Pls- Comparing the values of the probability Pls for deterministic and uncertain capacity parameters, it can be observed that the uncertainty of the parameters plays a significant role for the damage scenarios UD, DM2 and DM5. 

Pd = logarithmic standard deviation of the uncertain capacity of the asset to resist damage state d. 

About half of the dissolved organic carbon may appear in humic or fulvic acids. These are high-molecular weight organic compounds of a composition which is somewhat uncertain. They contain aromatic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups which have the ability to bind to metal ions. Rivers and estuaries typically contain 10 mg/liter of acid with an exchange capacity of 5-10 mmol/g, mainly due to carboxylic... 

A very small hump in the heat capacity curve at —30° was also found for ammonium fluoride the interpretation of this is uncertain (the structure of this crystal is not the same as that of the other ammonium halides). 

This section deals with production lines for more than one product. In the process industries it is often a problem to assign the capacity of one production line to several products, all or some of which have uncertain demand. We want to optimize the overall service level for such a production line. 

The core algorithm assigns the production capacity to the competing products of the same production line, such that the overall expected sales are maximal. If the capacity is critical this basically means that production capacity is designed to the more likely parts of the uncertain demand. If there is plenty of production capacity, safety stock is allocated reflecting the product-specific uncertainty of demand. When looking at all products, usually the situation is between these extremes and the algorithm provides an optimal compromise. 

When these uncertainties are not considered in the computation of a schedule, the uncertainties in the capacity may lead to infeasible schedules, e.g., a schedule requires more capacity than available, whereas the uncertain demands have an effect on the value of the profit, e.g., when a schedule results in more or less product than demanded. 

Zenios (1995) to the problem of capacity expansion of power systems. The problem was formulated as a large-scale nonlinear program with variance of the scenario-dependent costs included in the objective function. Another application using variance is employed by Bok, Lee, and Park (1998), also within a robust optimization framework of Mulvey, Vanderbei, and Zenios (1995), for investment in the long-range capacity expansion of chemical process networks under uncertain demands. 

Robust investment model for long-range capacity expansion of chemical processing networks under uncertain demand forecast scenarios. Computers el Chemical Engineering, 22, 1037. 

This weapon is based on the gas gun used by the KGB in the 50 s and 60 s. Many or the assassinations performed with this weapon were written off by the coroners involved as heart attacks. Whether they would be so identified today is uncertain, and defends entirely on the competence of the coroner. At east they allow time for the assassin to escape before the autopsy revealed the true cause of death. While it may be reloaded, it should be treated as a disposable weapon. The HCN is contained in a glass vial of 5cc capacity. If you have good glass blowing skills her-... 

The periodicity of chemical properties arises from filling of successive quantum mechanical shells of electrons. For example, filling of the s,p shells, with capacities of 8 electrons each, and the d shells, which can hold up to 10 electrons, is associated with the main group and transition elements, respectively (Fig. 1.1). Before the advent of quantum theory, two classes of elements were known that seemed not to fit the Mendeleyevian scheme an uncertain number of rare earth elements or lanthanides— metallic elements, discovered throughout the 1800s, that form oxides of... 

Furthermore, polyphenolics present in wine, of which flavonoids are important components, have been suggested to be responsible of the so called French paradox, that is, the unexpectedly low rate of mortality from coronary heart disease in French population despite an unfavourable exposure to known cardiovascular risk factors such as high saturated fat consumption [19-21]. Epidemiological studies in USA [22] and Denmark [23] reported that moderate red wine drinkers had a lower risk of coronary artery disease than participants with no alcoholic beverage preference. However, controversial results about the antioxidant capacity of human serum after red wine consumption have been reported [24-27]. It is therefore uncertain whether wine constituents other than alcohol add to the cardioprotective effects of red wine. 

The data for significant runs were treated by plotting concentration vs. cumulative volume of effluent (Figures 8 to 14). Demineralization capacities were obtained by graphical integration. In most cases the run was not carried to the point where the concentration of the effluent equaled that of the influent. Consequently, the demineralization capacity is somewhat uncertain. Estimates of the demineralization capacity represented by the uncompleted portion of the curve are always on the conservative side. 

Heat exchanger network resilience analysis can become nonlinear and nonconvex in the cases of phase change and temperature-dependent heat capacities, varying stream split fractions, or uncertain flow rates or heat transfer coefficients. This section presents resilience tests developed by Saboo et al. (1987a,b) for (1) minimum unit HENs with piecewise constant heat capacities (but no stream splits or flow rate uncertainties), (2) minimum unit HENs with stream splits (but constant heat capacities and no flow rate uncertainties), and (3) minimum unit HENs with flow rate and temperature uncertainties (but constant heat capacities and no stream splits). 

Floudas and Grossmann (1987b) have shown that for HENs with any number of units, with or without stream splits or bypasses, and with uncertain supply temperatures and flow rates but with constant heat capacities, the active constraint strategy decomposes the resilience test (or flexibility index) problem into NLPs which have a single local optimum. Thus the resilience test (or flexibility index) also has a single local optimum solution. 

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