Significant running

The most significant running cost is fermentation, ranging from 53 to 77% of the total running costs. See Table 4.11. 

These problems are not as significant In the macroenvironment, where many standards can be used for both calibration and standardization, since photodegradation of the sample Is usually not significant, running around 5-10%. However, If measurements of the highest accuracy or of small differences are required, these uncertainties... 

The data for significant runs were treated by plotting concentration vs. cumulative volume of effluent (Figures 8 to 14). Demineralization capacities were obtained by graphical integration. In most cases the run was not carried to the point where the concentration of the effluent equaled that of the influent. Consequently, the demineralization capacity is somewhat uncertain. Estimates of the demineralization capacity represented by the uncompleted portion of the curve are always on the conservative side. 

The structure at temperatures above the transition temperature (phase II), is illustrated in the schematic drawing in Figure 19b. Both the side chains and the backbone are conformationally disordered, but the side chains remain organized preferentially on planes perpendicular to the polymer chain axis. Furthermore, significant runs of trans conformations remain in the backbone (26) in such a manner that the original molecular direction is preserved as the chains pack in cylinders in a hexagonal array. The resulting... 

The most significant running cost of fermentation is sterilisation/ aeration/cooling, ranging from X to X%. 

The most. significant running cost (for liquid processes) is inoculum preparation/medium preparatirHi/fermentation/harvesting/drying, ranging from X to X% of foe total running costs. 

The most significant running cost of die fermentation is aeration, ranging from 71 to 92% of fermentation running costs. See TaUe 4.12. 

Figure 7-7 Cross section of printed conductor pattern (a) with significant running, (b) without significant running.

---