Ultraforming

Nominal MI, g/10 min Hoechst Celanese Celcon Du Pont Delrin BASF Ultraform... 

Grades of acetal resins specifically designed to enhance the excellent lubricity of the material, without sacrifice in other properties, are known. These include Delrin AF, Ultraform N2311, and Celcon LW materials. Antistatic grades, particularly useful in electronic appHcations, have been developed. At least one recendy introduced new grade, Celcon SR90, claims good scuff resistance. 

Supply and demand statistics for 1988 for all regions of the wodd as compiled by SRI International are given in Table 5. The wodd producers of acetal resins and their aimual capacities are Hsted in Table 6 (29). Hoechst Celanese and Ultraform Corporation (a joint venture of Degussa and BASF) have aimounced capacity expansions in the United States to 77,000 t and 16,000 t, respectively both were due in place in 1990. Part of general capacity expansion plans, aimounced by Du Pont for completion in 1991, are beHeved to apply to acetal resins. 

E.I. du Pont de Nemours Company, Inc. Hoechst Celanese Corporation Ultraform Company Mexico... 

Germany, Federal RepubHc of Ticona Polymerwerke GmbH Ultraform GmbH Nethedands... 

Several significant reforming processes are ia use (37,38). These iaclude Powerforming (Exxon), Ultraforming (Standard Oil Co.), Rheniforruing... 

The first commercially available acetal resin was marketed by Du Pont in 1959 under the trade name Delrin after the equivalent of ten million pounds had been spent in research or polymers of formaldehyde. The Du Pont monopoly was unusually short lived as Celcon, as acetal copolymer produced by the Celanese Corporation, became available in small quantities in 1960. This material became commercially available in 1962 and later in the same year Farbwerke Hoechst combined with Celanese to produce similar products in Germany (Hostaform). In 1963 Celanese also combined with the Dainippon Celluloid Company of Osaka, Japan and Imperial Chemical Industries to produce acetal copolymers in Japan and Britain respectively under the trade names Duracon and Alkon (later changed to Kematal). In the early 1970s Ultraform GmbH (a joint venture of BASF and Degussa) introduced a copolymer under the name Ultraform and the Japanese company Asahi Chemical a homopolymer under the name Tenal. 

Ultraforming A catalytic reforming process developed by Standard Oil of Indiana and licensed by Amoco Oil Company. The catalyst contains platinum and rhenium, contained in a swing reactor - one that can be isolated from the rest of the equipment so that the catalyst can be regenerated while the unit is operating. The first unit was commissioned in 1954. 

Celcon, Delrin, Duracon, Hostaform, lupital Acetal, Kematal, Lucel, Sniatal, Ultraform... 

Spent caustic (3800 tons/year) is sent off-site for recovery of remaining caustic value and naphthenic acids. Most catalysts are recycled for recovery of additional activity or metals. Spent cracking catalyst (6(K) tons/year) is sent to Amoco s Whiting, Indiana, refinery for use as equilibrium catalyst. Spent ultraforming catalyst is returned to metals reclaimers to recover platinum for reuse in new catalyst. Spent desulfurization catalyst and polymer catalyst are nonhazardous and are buried in an on-site landfill. Sludges from the oil/water separator are a listed hazardous waste under RCRA regulations. They are combined with other solid wastes, such... 

When small catalyst pellets are required, the pressure drop can be signif. icant. In Example 4-6 we saw that significant design flaws can r ult if pressure drop is neglected or if steps are not taken to minimize pressure drop. One type of reactor that minimizes pressure drop and is also inexpensive to build is the spherical reactor, shown in Figure 4-8. In this reactor, called an ultraformer, dehydrogenation reactions such as... 

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