Ultra thin-layer chromatography

The latest innovation is the introduction of ultra-thin silica layers. These layers are only 10 xm thick (compared to 200-250 pm in conventional plates) and are not based on granular adsorbents but consist of monolithic silica. Ultra-thin layer chromatography (UTLC) plates offer a unique combination of short migration distances, fast development times and extremely low solvent consumption. The absence of silica particles allows UTLC silica gel layers to be manufactured without any sort of binders, that are normally needed to stabilise silica particles at the glass support surface. UTLC plates will significantly reduce analysis time, solvent consumption and increase sensitivity in both qualitative and quantitative applications (Table 4.35). Miniaturised planar chromatography will rival other microanalytical techniques. 

Following the common trend towards miniatmization also in analytical techniques, Merck has developed an UTLC-plate (UTLC ultra thin-layer chromatography). Its... 

Kauppila, T.J. et al., New surfaces for desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry Porous silicon and ultra-thin layer chromatography plates, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 20, 2143, 2006. 

Salo, P.K., Salomies, H., Harju, K., Ketola, R.A., Kotiaho, T., Yli-Kauhaluoma, I, Kostiainen, R. (2005) Analysis of small molecules by ultra thin-layer chromatography-atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization mass spectrometry. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry,16, 906-915. 

Hauck, H. E., Bund, O., Fischer, W., and Schulz, M. 2001. Ultra-thin layer chromatography (UTLC)—A new dimension in thin-layer chromatography, J. Planar Chromatogr., 14 234-236. 

Belike, M.C., Zewe, J.W., Clark, J.E., and Olesik, S.V. 2013. Aligned electrospnn nanofibers for ultra-thin layer chromatography. Anal. Chim. Acta, 761 201-208. 

Costantini, F., Domenici, F., Mura, E, Scipinotti, R., Sennato, S., Manetti, C., and Bordi, F. 2013. A new nanostructured stationary phase for ultra-thin layer chromatography A brush-gel polymer film. Nano sci. Nanotechnol. Lett., 5 1155-1163. 

Kauppila TJ, Talaty N, Salo PK, Kotiaho T, Kostiainen R, Cooks RG (2006) New surfaces for desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry porous silicon and ultra-thin layer chromatography plates. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 20 2143-2150 Kebarle P, Tang L (1993) From ions in solution to ions in the gas phase - the mechanisms of electrospray mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 65 972A-986A Laiko W, Taranenko NI, Berkout VD, Musselman BD, Doroshenko VM (2002) Atmospheric pressure laser desorption/ionization on porous silicon. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 16 1737-1742... 

The conventional approach to solvent extraction is the batch method. Early work with this method was hampered by the low concentration of the compounds present and the relative insensitivity of the methods of characterization. Thus lipids and hydrocarbons have been separated from seawater by extraction with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. The fractionation techniques include column and thin-layer chromatography with final characterisation by thin-layer chromatography, infrared, and ultra-violet spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Of these techniques, only gas chromatography is really useful at levels of organic matter present in seawater. With techniques available today such as glass capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, much more information could be extracted from such samples [20]. 

Thin layer chromatography Thiocarbonylsulfanylpropionic acid Ultra violet spectroscopy 2-Methylpropionamidine dihydrochloride 2,2 -Azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane]dihydrochloride... 

Shellard, E. j., and M. Z. Alam The quantitative determination of some mitra-gyna oxindole alkaloids after separation by thin layer chromatography. Part IV. Comparison of ultra-violet spectrometry, colorimetry and densitometry as methods for the quantitative determination of oxindole alkaloids in plant material. J. Chromatog. 36, 72 (1968). 

D. M. Alperin, H. Carminatti, V. Idoyaga-Vargas, and R. O. Couso, Thermal-ultra-violet method for differential detection and recovery of organic compounds in thin-layer chromatography, J. Chromatogr. 265 193-200(1983). 

---