Quercus velutina

Old fustic Quercitron bark Persian berries Clorophora tinctoria L. Quercus velutina L. Rhamnus family Luteolin + Apigenin Genistein... 

Flavonoid Yellows Structures containing Phenols, names depending OH or OCH position Quercetin Black oak (Quercus velutina Lam.) Onions (Allium sp.) Red grapes (Vitis sp.) Requires mordant. Metal ions in a mordant fbrm insoluble lake with OH and OCH groups. 

Quercus nigra L./Water oak Quercus prinus L./Chestnut oak Quercus rubra L./Northern red oak Quercus stellata Wangenh./Post oak Quercus velutina Lam./Black oak Quercus virginiana Mill./Live oak Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees/Sassafras Ulmus americana L./American elm ... 

The naturally occurring llavones are yellow and are very widely distributed in plants. They accumulate in almost any part of a plant, from the roots to the flower petals. Unlike the anthocyanins, which are too reactive and short-lived, the much more stable llavones have, from time immemorial, been used as dyes, for they impart various shades of yellow to wool. As an example, the inner bark of one of the North American oaks, Quercus velutina, was a commercial material known as quercitron bark and much used in dyeing it contains quercetrin. The corresponding aglycone, quercetin, is one of the most widely occurring flavones, found, for example, in Chrysanthemum and Rhododendron species, horse chestnuts, lemons, onions and hops. 

Also sometimes given incorrectly as quercitin. Quercitrin is the glucoside (3-L-rhamnoside Colour Index, 1971, Cl 75720/Natural Yellow 10) in Quercus velutina Lam. bark. The Colour Index lists quercetin imder Cl 75670/Natural Yellow 10,13/Natural Red 1. 

Figure 66. Expected percentage of trees showing uptake with distance from application spot for sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum) the white oak group (Quercus alba Q. steUata) dogwood (Comus florida), hickories (Carya spp.), the black oak group (Q. velutina, Q.falcata Q, coccinea, Q. rubra, Q. marilandica), and red cedar (Juniperus virginiana). Based on probit analyses. From Brown and Woods (1968).

Quercus spp. Q. velutina Lam. Reseda spp. R. luteola L. Fagaceae Resedaceae Quercitron Weld Quercetin [Quercetagetin Flavine] Luteolin Harley (1982) 114-115 Formerly Q. tinctoria... 

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