U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Institute of Health PubHcation 80-1938, PubHc Health Services, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C., May 1980. 

The FDA is headed by the Commissioner of Food and Dmgs. This position is not a Cabiaet-level office but falls within the PubHc Health Service (PHS), a division within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The post of FDA Commissioner is subject to HHS pohtical clearance and Senate confirmation, and the Commissioner is ultimately accountable to HHS, Congress, and the President of the United States. The Commissioner has a staff to assist ia poHcy making and several deputy commissioners to oversee operation of ah. the subordinate units. FDA has six regional offices within the country, each responsible for a section of the country, and 21 district offices. Persons with technical background typicahy work ia one of FDA s chemistry laboratories or as investigators or consumer safety officers. 

The chemical companies maintain chemical properties sheets including hazardous quantities. A general listing of companies on the Internet can be reached at web site http //www.neis.com/chemical companies.htmI. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services publishes the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, available from NIOSH Publications Mail Stop C-13,4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, phone 1-800-35-NIOSH or on the Internet http //www.cds.gov/niosh/homepage.html. 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health. Primary Containment of Biohazards Selection, Installation and Use of Biological Safety Cabinets. Washington, DC U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1995 (available on http // www.niehs.nih.gov/odhsb/biosafe/bsc/bsc.htm)... 

Holcomb, M. L., and R. C. Scholz. Evaluation of Air Cleaning and Monitoring Equipment Used in Recirculation Systems, NIOSH Technical Report, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 81-133. Cincinnati U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, (Apr. 1981). 

R. J. S. Lewis and R. L. Tatken, Eds., Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Publication No. 79-100, January 1985 Update, NIOSH, Cinciimati, OH. 

Adverse consequences of drinking include a variety of social, legal, medical, and psychiatric problems (Babor et al. 1987, 2003). Alcohol is among the top four causes of mortality in 1988, 107,800 deaths, or about 5% of all deaths in the United States, were attributed to alcohol-related causes (Stinson and DeBakey 1992). Approximately 17% of alcohol-related deaths were directly attributable to alcohol, 38% resulted from diseases indirecdy attributable to alcohol, and 45% were attributable to alcohol-related traumatic injury (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 1994). Alcohol-related mortality declined during the latter part of the twentieth century. For example, the age-adjusted mortality rate from liver cirrhosis in 1993 (7.9 deaths per 100,000 persons) was just over half the rate in 1970 (14.6 deaths per 100,000) (Saadat-mand et al. 1997), and the proportion of automobile fatalities that was related to the use of alcohol fell to a two-decade low of 33.6% in 1993 (Lane et al. 1997). 

McNicholas L, Howell EF Buprenorphine Clinical Practice Guidelines, Field Review Draft November 17, 2000. Rockville, MD, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Office of Pharmacologic and Alternative Therapies, 2000... 

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