U.S. Department of Agriculture soils

Eand Capability Classification, Agricultural Handbook 210, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Washiagton, D.C., 1966, 21 pp. 

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) soil classification system was developed for use in describing soils in which plants grow.63-66 The USDA system is now universally accepted within the United States and it should be used to describe soils used in ET landfill covers. 

Clay is the most important component of soil liners because the clay fraction of the soil ensures low hydraulic conductivity. In the United States, however, there is some ambiguity in defining the term clay because two soil classification systems are widely used. One system, published by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), is used predominantly by civil engineers.18 The other, the U.S. Department of Agriculture s (USDA s) soil classification system, is used primarily by soil scientists, agronomists, and soil physicists.19... 

USDA, Soil Properties versus Soil Interpretations, National Soil Information System (NASIS), U.S. Department of Agriculture, www.USDA.gov, 2009. 

Hassett JJ University of Illinois, Urbana, IL Continued studies on bioavailability of lead (Pb) in soil (rats) U. S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Res... 

Information on surface soils is available from a number of sources, including surface soil maps compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey and the geological surveys of various states. At the present time, the coverage of such maps is not complete, nor has any systematic data on air permeability of soils been compiled. However reports issued by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture contain information on most soils on a county-by-county basis. While no direct air permeability information is contained in these reports, the data and descriptive material contained there may be useful in estimating air permeabilities. 

According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) method, the sand particles will settle to the bottom of the cylinder in 2 min, leaving silt and clay in suspension. The International Soil Science Society (ISSS) uses the 12-min time period for sand to settle. After 24 h, all of the silt particles have settled, leaving only clay in suspension. The hydrometer reading at each of these intervals is converted to grams of soils per liter using a correlation chart. See Workplace Scene 15.4. 

Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Washington State University, Department of Agronomy and Soils, Pullman, WA 99164... 

In 1995, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (ERA) prepared a cost estimate of white-rot fungus technology based on a Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) demonstration conducted with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service—Forest Products Laboratory. Costs were estimated to range from 400 to 500/yd of soil treated (D169613,... 

USDA Soil Conservation Reports. National Soil Survey Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC. (Published periodically.)... 

We present here two procedures for applying the pipette method The first used by the U. S. Department of Agriculture (Olmstead et al, 1930), and the other described by Keen (1931). Both of these methods pertain to the determination of silt and colloids in soil suspensions, rather than to a size-distribution. However, the descriptions given indicate the manner of using the pipette. 

Allison, E. F. 1973. Soil Organic Matter and its Role in Crop Production. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co. Amsterdam, pp. 140-158. 

Because the specific microorganism cultured is the most critical factor in any antibiotic process, strain identification, including morphologic, cultural, and biochemical characteristics should be performed. The source of the microbial isolate (e.g., soil, air, water), as well as any genetic engineering or mutation procedures should be documented. Microbial deposition should be reported (e.g., American Type Culture Collection or Type Culture Collection of the U.S. Department of Agriculture). 

Richards, L. A. 1957. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkaline soils. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook, p. 60. 

U.S. Department of Agriculture-National Soil Survey Center, Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual, Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 42, Version 3.0, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE, 1996. 

U.S. Department of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 8th ed. 1998. www.nssc.nrcs.usda.gov... 

FIGURE 3-2 The soil classification system adopted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The components sand, clay, and silt are defined in terms of particle size (see Table 3-3 later). It should be noted that other textural classifications also are in use. 

Culminating a long-term international effort, the Soil Survey staff of the Soil Conservation Service (U S. Department of Agriculture) developed a Comprehensive Soil Classification System (CSCS) for world soils (Soil Survey Staff 1975). The CSCS defines soil classes strictly in terms of soil morphology, rather than based on soil genesis. A brief explanation of the 10 soil orders in the CSCS is given in Table 7.4 (see also Bodek et al. 1988). Their temporal relationships are considered in Fig. 7.6. 

Manny, Bruce A Great Lakes Science Center Contamination of surface soils and wildcelery tubers at Grassy Island In the Wyandotte National Wildlife Refuge in the Detroit River U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research Service... 

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