Typhoid fever incubation

Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhii bacilli. The condition has an incubation period of about 5-23 days. Classic symptoms of typhoid fever include headache, abdominal pain with constipation or diarrhoea. Rose-coloured spots and macular rashes on the abdomen are characteristic of typhoid fever. 

Agent Index A317 Class Index C24 Melioidosis Pseudomonas pseudomalle Type Bacteria Presents a range of manifestations from asymptomatic involvement of the lungs to necrotizing pneumonia and/or fatal blood poisoning. May simulate typhoid fever or tuberculosis. Routes Incubation 2 days to Inhalation years Ingestion Mortality Rate — Abraded Skin Reservoir Soils, Water, Rodents, Secondary Hazards Farm animals Body Fluids Direct Person-to-Person Transmission does not occur. 

Salmonella paratyphi is a bacterial enteric (intestinal) infection with an abrupt outbreak, which produces the following symptoms continued fever, headache, malaise, enlarged spleen, rose spots on the trunk of the body, and diarrhea. These symptoms are similar to those of typhoid fever, but the death rate is much lower. Mild and asymptomatic infections may also occur upon exposure. Outbreaks and locations are similar to those of the other salmonella bacteria. The infectious dose is 1000 organisms by ingestion. Transmission occurs by direct or indirect contact with feces or, in rare cases, urine of patients or carriers. It is spread by food, especially miUc and dairy products, shellfish, and in some isolated cases, water supplies. Incubation depends on the strength of the dose, but usually 1-3 weeks for enteric fever and 1-10 days for gastroenteritis. Antibiotic treatment with chloramphenicol, ampicillin, or TMP-SMX is usually effective. 

It is well known, for example, that about 5 per cent of the people who become infected with typhoid germs become typhoid carriers and continue indefinitely to harbor an active colony (harmless to them) of typhoid bacilli in their intestinal tracts. There is abundant evidence of graded susceptibility there are many mild cases, and the incubation time in different individuals may be from 3 to 30 days, indicating variable resistance. The fact that about 70 per cent of the carriers are women suggests that the constitutional characteristics which make it possible for individuals to endure the presence of the organisms are in some way sex-linked in their inheritance. The evidence with respect to typhoid carriers, diphtheria carriers, scarlet-fever carriers, poliomyelitis-virus carriers, etc., makes it seem probable that "carriers" enter into the dissemination of many other milder infections, and... 

The incubation period is usually 6 8 h after the entry of the organism. The symptoms are nausea, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, myalgia and occasionally headache and vomiting. Stool is loose or watery and does not contain blood. If bloody diarrhea occurs the possibility of Shigellosis or enteric infection with E. coli enterohaemorrhagica should be considered. The majority of cases run a mild or medium severe course which lasts 3 days and symptoms subside completely not requiring hospitalization, unless there is more severe protracted course with fever and bacteremia. Bacteremia is uncommon in non-typhoid Salmonellosis. It has been reported, however, with infection with the serotypes S. choleraesuis, S. typhimurium and S. Heidelberg, which cause recurrent episodes of bacteremia. 

Agent Index A340 Class Index C26 Typhoid Feve Salmonella typhi Type Bacteria Insidious onset of sustained fever, severe headache, malaise, loss of appetite, and usually constipation (although it may cause diarrhea). Individuals may become asymptomatic carriers capable of spreading the disease (e.g. Typhoid Mary). Routes Ingestion Secondary Hazards Fecal Vector (mechanical) Incubation 3 to 90 days Mortality Rate < 10% Reservoir Humans Direct Person-to-Person Transmission is possible (fecal/oral). 

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