Types of Grout

All platforms, regardless of the type of grout to be used, should be designed with oil drains. Epoxy grouts are recommended on platform installations because they provide an excellent oil barrier for the concrete below. Cement grouts should be used only for temporary installations. 

The most widely used chemical grouts are aqueous solutions, and these materials will be covered in detail. Other types of grouts will be listed only briefly in this section. 

Extensive tests were carried out on a sodium aluminate/sodium silicate grout which had been successfully used at Mattmark Dam in Switzerland [la] to establish the suitability of this type of grout for Asprokremmos Dam. The mix tested comprised ... 

In addition to optimum spacing, this program also gives the total job cost. Thus, the cost effectiveness of other types of grout and grout pipes may be quickly evaluated. Also, since some of the cost factors are estimates, it is possible to evaluate the effects on job cost of possible variations in unit cost of pipe placement and grout-in-place. Note that costs entered are in-place (i.e., labor is included). 

Depending on the type of grout to be used, grout dams may be used. 

The surfaces between base plates and the concrete or grout supporting critical equipment or structures may require sealing to prevent the infiltration of corrosive elements. Dry pack grout pads formed with cement and sand should be coated or sealed in areas with cyclic wet-dry environments, since this type of grout pad tends to break down with age in a cyclic wet-dry environment. 

Organic Polymer Grouts. There are several types of organic grouting systems (5). 

Other Types of Portland Cements. White Portland cementis standard Type I or III Pordand cement with raw materials selected and controUed to have negligible amounts of Hon and manganese oxides, which impart the gray color. The white Pordand cement is used in decorative and architectural appHcations like precast curtain waUs, terra22o surfaces, stucco, tile grout, and decorative concrete. 

One can adopt a suitable procedure of installation, grouting, type of foundation and alignment etc., depending upon the size of motor, the duty it has to perform and the location of the installation (such as hazardous or seismic, etc.). Here we discuss briefly only the important aspects of installation and maintenance of electric motors. 

Polyester anchoring grouts are of two types pourable grouts and thixotropic grouts. Pourable products are designed for vertically downwards or declining anchor holes prior to insertion of the anchor unit. The... 

There are four distinctly different types of Portland cement. Only types I and II are used for grouting, type I (often referred to as ordinary Portland cement), almost exclusively. Type II (high early strength cement) differs from type I primarily in its finer particle size. This provides more reactive surface area, and thus more rapid setting, often desirable in structural work. Grouters, however, are more interested in the finer particle size, which permits penetration into finer voids and cracks. Typical grading analysis of various cements are shown in Figure 9.1. 

Many foams were investigated in the late 1960s for their potential as soil grouts [14]. The study concluded that on formation methods alone polyethylene, polyvinyl, CCA, urea-formaldehyde, and syntactic foams can be eliminated from consideration and that of the four other major types of foam (silieone, phenolic, epoxy, and polyurethanes) the polyurethanes... 

A second polyurethane grout CR-260 (3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota) was marketed primarily for sewer sealing applications. It is applied internally through a packer inside the sewer and acts as a gasket in the spigot. (This type of application is covered in greater detail in later chapters.) Newer formulations are intended for use as soil stabilizers. 

The postgrouting history indicates that seepage problems did not occur. However, this is one of many grouting jobs which was done as an additional precaution against some type of incipient problem. It is possible that the upper layer of cohesive material would have prevented seepage by itself. There are no data available to justify either the conclusion that the grout curtain functioned properly (because in reality it may not have been... 

In Europe, as opposed to domestic practice, design and quality control of grouting are generally the province of the contractor, and field practice tends to be more precise and detailed than current domestic practice. (This statement does not apply to the Washington Metro work, which was very closely controlled and monitored. See Sec. 19.4 for discussion.) An example of this is shown in Fig. 19.5 (Ref. [8], part 1, pp. 35-36), a typical section design for grouting of a profile with various soil types. A circumferential zone of treatment is defined in heavy lines within this section are different... 

Payment for grouting work should be explicitly detailed. Methods will depend on the type of specifications and local practice. Typical of domestic practice is the following excerpt from a basement waterproofing spec for a West Coast power utility ... 

Test subarea Grout hole No. of spacing grout (ft) holes Grout type Grouting method Theoretical vol. of grout to be injected Actual vol. of grout injected... 

To illustrate the problem for the product developer, one only has to enumerate the soils and surfaces. The soils can vary from simple dust and hair to dirt, hard water spots, and fingerprints to hardened grease, soap scum, and excrement. Although the usual household cleaning tasks are concentrated in only two rooms of the house, kitchen and bathroom, the number of different surfaces encountered are many. In the U.S., for example, there may be Formica , ceramic tiles, grout, lacquered wood, vinyl flooring, painted surfaces, brass, stainless steel, enamel, porcelain, aluminum, chrome, glass, marble, methyl methacrylate, and other types of plastics. All of these materials may occur within only two rooms of the same home ... 

T. S-6. Massive mat construction for heavy vibration-producing equipment showing. . ee types of anchors (a) removable anchor (b) fixed anchor (c) grouting. 

In addition to the use of dry acrylic powders in cement mortars, other typical uses for these modifiers are in cement toppings, ceramic tile adhesives, ceramic tile grouts, white masonry paints and cement block fillers. It is obvious that these compounds are more convenient to use with the simple addition of water, than those compounds requiring the addition of a latex emulsion. As improvements are made in these dry powders, there will be more emphasis on this type of compound. At the present time, the dry powder acrylics are more costly than the latex emulsions on a dry solids basis. 

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