Racial groups

Melasma is an acquired hyperpigmentation disorder characterized by moth-eaten tan or brownish macules and patches that occur on the sun-exposed areas of the skin (Fig. 14.1) [1]. Melasma is most commonly observed in women, but also in 10% of men. It affects all racial groups but is more prevalent in skin types IV-Vl. When melasma is associated with pregnancy it is called chloasma or mask of pregnancy . 

Hemophilia A and B are coagulation disorders that result from defects in the genes encoding for plasma coagulation proteins. Hemophilia A (classic hemophilia) is caused by the deficiency of factor VIII, and hemophilia B (Christmas disease) is caused by the deficiency of factor IX. The incidences of hemophilia A and B are estimated at 1 in 5000 and 1 in 30,000 male births, respectively. Both types of hemophilia are evenly distributed across all ethnic and racial groups.1... 

Subsequently the medication was approved for self identified African Americans by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA), the first time a medication was approved for a specific racial group (US Food and Drug Administration, 2005). This combination was then marketed as BiDil. The approval led to a great deal of controversy and discussion, much of it critical, about the FDA decision. The findings from these trials, however, provide evidence that ethnicity can make a difference in clinical treatment response (Sankar 8c Kahn, 2005). 

Nativists contend that genetically determined traits are characteristic of specific racial groups and that cultures themselves can be reduced to biological characteristics. Extremists have opposed immigration with arguments that the inferiority of some races is a biological fact based on evolutionary... 

If mandatory inclusion laws and African American-only studies are acceptable, then a fortiori there should be few doubts about the permissibility of funding research or treatment of diseases that have an especially high incidence among African Americans. Because not all racial groups are evenly distributed in disease categories, choices to fund some diseases more than others could end up favoring some races and genders over others. 

Others, hearing that the First Matter is concentrated in the blood have followed more vile routes in their questing. These foolish and often cruel methods have included class and caste systems, eugenics and blood sacrifice. Subsequent beliefs in the so-called purity of blood (in either a particular family or racial grouping) have culminated in beliefs in superior master races, leading to the evils of tyranny and genocide. 

Shimoda, K., Argyle, M., Ricci Bitti, P. (1978). The intercultural recognition of emotional expressions by three national racial groups English, Italian and Japanese. European Journal of Social Psychology, 8, 169-179. 

Panel 8 The Jews Are Not a Race—Jews are people who practice the religion of Judaism they are represented in many racial groups. 

There is no one race question for the North and another for the South. There is a national question, and it concerns the integration of the Negro into our entire national community. But it concerns much more than the Negro it concerns the integration of all the minority racial groups the Mexican, the Oriental, the American Indian. 

The recombinant EPO and hGH produced are almost replicas of those that occur naturally in our body. Hence, it is very difficult to detect these banned substances if taken by athletes. Another difficulty is the need to develop reliable and sensitive test methods that take into account differences of these substances in athletes of different racial groups. 

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