Type-2 diabetes treatment

Keywords Type 2 diabetes, treatment, insulin. Metformin, sulfonylurea, glitazones, triple therapy, glycaemic control. 

Scheen AJ (2015) Pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs 75 33-59 Scheen AJ (2015) SGLT2 inhibition efficacy and safety in type 2 diabetes treatment. Expert Opin Drug Saf 14 1879-1904... 

Fleterocycles as drugs for diabetes of type II treatment 97KFZ(11)5. 

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Influence of intensive diabetes treatment on body weight and composition of adults with type 1 diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes Care 2001 24(10) 1711-21. 

Intensive pharmacologic treatment of diabetes is known to decrease the risk for microvascular events such as nephropathy and retinopathy, but there is less evidence that it decreases macrovascular disease (28,29). DCCT/EDIC trial, however, demonstrated reduction in CVD (nonfatal Ml, stroke, death from CVD, confirmed angina, or the need for coronary-artery revascularization) in patients with type I diabetes assigned to intensive diabetes treatment compared with conventional treatment by 42% (p = 0.02) (30). Patients with lower extremity PAD and both type I and type 2 diabetes should be treated to reduce their glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb AIC) to less than 7%, per the American Diabetes Association recommendation (31). Subanalysis of the UKPDS showed no evidence of a threshold effect of Hb AIC a I % reduction in Hb Al C was associated with a 35% reduction in microvascular endpoints, an 18% reduction in Ml, and a 17% reduction in all-cause mortality. Frequent foot inspection by patients and physicians will enable early identification of foot lesions and ulcerations and facilitate prompt referral for treatment (32). 

Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY et al. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study Research Group. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type I diabetes. N Engl J Med 2005 353(25) 2643-2653. 

Oralin as Meal Insulin in Treatment of Type Diabetes... 

DDCT/EDIC Study Research Group. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2005 353 2643-2653. 

In 1991,1 wrote with Eberhard Standi in a book on pharmacology of diabetes Treatment of diabetes has become an increasing challenge to the clinicians in recent years. A rapid development has taken place within a number of pharmalogical areas, both with respect to insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes, and also within the prevention and treatment of complications of both types of diabetes. ... 

Bedekar, A., Shah, K., and KofFas, M. (2010) Natural products for type 11 diabetes treatment. Adv. Appl. Microbiol, 71, 21-73. 

In recent researches, stem cells have brought to new hope. Bone marrow with two major stem cells (hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells), the adult bone-marrow derived stem cells can regenerate the fl cell in diabetes animal models. These results lead to a new approach in diabetes treatment, especially type 1 diabetes. 

This study proved that the stem cell grafted method had positive effect on type 1 diabetes treatment, initially. 

S)-amino-3-[3- 6-(2-methylphenyl) pyridyl]-propionic add 82a (Figure 11.23) is a key intermediate required for synthesis of GLP-1 mimics or GLP-1 receptor modulators. Such receptor modulators are potentially useful for the treatment of type 11 diabetes treatment [145,146]. 

A class of drug derived from guanidine, including metformin and phenformin. Metformin is currently widely used in humans for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Phenformin was formerly also widely used but was withdrawn because of problems with lactic acidosis. 

As described in the previous section, bile acids have evolved over the last years from regulators of bile acid homeostasis to general metabolic integrators. It is therefore not too surprizing that a number of bile acid-activated signaling pathways have become attractive targets for the treatment of gallstones and other metabolic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. 

Calpain-10 (CAPN10) is the fust diabetes gene to have been identified through a genome scan. The discovery of calpain-10 has identified it as a molecule of importance to insulin signaling and secretion that may have relevance to the fiiture development of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. 

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